A) Power exchange
B) Social exchange
C) Authority exchange
D) Knowledge exchange
E) Formal exchanges
G) A) and C)
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A) Due to status
B) Possession of specialized knowledge
C) Ability to punish
D) Ability to grant rewards
E) Position within a hierarchy
G) A) and B)
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A) Institutions do not involve formal regulation of firms by governmental agencies
B) Institutions do not involve formal regulation of firms by nongovernmental regulatory organizations
C) Institutions are more formal and involve ongoing power/dependence relationships between firms
D) Institutional arrangements do not embody general patterns of values,beliefs,ad behavioral norms that motivate and stabilize affected firms
E) None of the above
G) B) and E)
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A) When institutional logics are stable,they have the most strategic importance
B) Institutional logics are coveted by firms (not taken for granted)
C) If firms share an institutional logic,the logic provides a basis for relative advantage among firms
D) Institutional logics are valuable because they raise the costs for firms adapting to their environments
E) Competitive advantage must come on some other dimension than institutional logic if firms share that institutional logic
G) B) and C)
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A) Power
B) Authority
C) Culture
D) Influence
E) Contracts
G) D) and E)
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A) Contracting
B) Employment practices
C) Pricing
D) Entry-deterring behaviors
E) Cultural norms
G) A) and C)
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A) Institutional elements
B) Institutional standards
C) Institutional influences
D) Institutional logics
E) Institutional ideas
G) A) and B)
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A) Culture controls the activities of employees on the basis of monitoring rather than firm attachment
B) Individuals who value belonging to the culture will align their individual goals and behaviors to those of the firm
C) The efficiency of culture as a control can be attributed in part to individuals controlling themselves
D) The efficiency of culture as a control can be attributed in part to monitoring costs being reduced
E) The efficiency of culture as a control can be attributed in part to opportunism being held to a minimum
G) B) and D)
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A) Presidential power is the ability to influence the people who make and implement government policies
B) Presidential power only consists of the president taking direct action on some front
C) The bargaining advantage that comes with the presidential office enables the president to persuade others to work in his interest
D) A source of presidential power is professional reputation,which comprises the expectations of professional politicians,bureaucrats,and others in the political community regarding the president's power and his willingness to use it
E) The president's prestige among the public is a source of presidential power
G) C) and E)
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A) He was a dynamic and charismatic leader
B) He was intelligent and effective at persuading others
C) He had a track record of success
D) He had position power
E) He threatened punishment to anyone who opposed the idea
G) All of the above
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A) Vertical integration
B) Using a monopolist buyer/supplier
C) Long-term contracting
D) Joint ventures
E) Alliances
G) All of the above
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A) Culture should be imitable
B) Culture must be valuable for the firm
C) If culture is common to most firms in the market,so that it reflects the influence of the national or regional culture,then it is unlikely to lead to a relative competitive advantage
D) If factors of a firm's culture are easy to copy,other firms will begin to do so,which will nullify any advantage for the firm where the culture first developed
E) Something about the firm's culture and values must be linked to the value the firm creates for customers
G) A) and B)
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A) Regulation costs include lower prices for goods that consumers pay
B) Regulation costs include costs of compliance
C) Regulation costs include increased business costs due to noncompliance
D) Regulation costs include the costs of strategic options that must be forgone because of regulations
E) Regulation costs include potential distortions to a market that may result from the imperfections of a given regulatory regime
G) D) and E)
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