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In modeling experiments,the degree of modeling increases as the _____.


A) similarity between the model and the subject increases
B) self-confidence and self-esteem of the observer increases
C) complexity of behavior displayed by the model increases
D) age of the model and the subject increases

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following is true of self-administered reinforcement?


A) It is guided by our past behavior as reference.
B) It involves both reward and punishment.
C) It is more effective with older children and adults.
D) All of these are correct.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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According to Bandura's views,which of the following statements is true about the development of self-efficacy during childhood?


A) Self-efficacy develops completely by the time children cross their infancy.
B) Men with high self-efficacy are likely to have had more demanding mothers than fathers when they were children.
C) Children base the judgment of their abilities similarly irrespective of whether they have siblings or not.
D) Grouping children according to their abilities promotes the development of self-efficacy and self-confidence by arranging reachable goals.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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In guided participation,a snake phobia can be eliminated by:


A) positively reinforcing subjects for touching snakes.
B) encouraging subjects to handle the snake in the absence of an observable model.
C) having subjects observe a live model,then actually handle the snake.
D) instructing subjects to imagine a model coping with a feared or threatening situation.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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The modeling approach to behavior modification:


A) is effective only with internal neurosis.
B) can improve self-efficacy and make people deal with fear.
C) manipulates and controls people against their will.
D) can only be used for seeing and learning simple behaviors.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Bandura did not attempt to deal with:


A) underlying unconscious conflicts.
B) behaviors or symptoms.
C) modifying or changing learned behaviors.
D) fears or phobias which restrict daily life.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Albert Bandura differs from Skinner on all the following points except:


A) in the study of human subjects in interaction with others.
B) in the study of observational learning.
C) in emphasizing learning as a function of reinforcement.
D) in emphasizing learning without directly experiencing reinforcement.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Bandura stated,"People strive to exercise control over events that affect their lives.By exerting influence in spheres over which they can command some control,they are better able to realize desired futures and to forestall undesired ones.The striving for control over life circumstances permeates almost everything people do." This is a description of:


A) self-efficacy.
B) self-reinforcement.
C) self-development.
D) self-sufficiency.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Adults who appear to successfully solve problems they face are more likely to be imitated by children.

A) True
B) False

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Bandura applied modeling techniques:


A) with live models but not with filmed models.
B) more effectively on animals rather than people.
C) to eliminate fears and other intense emotional reactions.
D) to uncover the internal neurosis responsible for socially undesirable behavior.

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Bandura's famous Bobo doll experiment demonstrated the power of:


A) operant conditioning.
B) modeling.
C) direct reinforcement.
D) trial-and-error behavior.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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All of the following are ways of increasing self-efficacy except:


A) providing realistic verbal persuasion.
B) arranging reachable goals to expose people to success experiences.
C) increasing the level of physiological and emotional arousal.
D) enhancing vicarious success experiences.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Self-reinforcement:


A) has to be tangible to be effective.
B) can be guided by our past behavior as reference points.
C) ceases when we fail to reach a certain level of achievement.
D) has also been alternatively addressed as the superego by Bandura.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Bandura's research:


A) was limited to children.
B) relied only on the correlational method.
C) compared the average performance of large groups.
D) was mostly limited to directly reinforced learning.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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A child is more likely to model its behavior after:


A) a person of the opposite sex.
B) a person who is very different.
C) a person rather than a cartoon character.
D) all of these are correct.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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In modeling,it is possible for individuals to acquire responses:


A) in the absence of other people.
B) that have never been performed or displayed before.
C) by the means of operant conditioning.
D) in the same way a rat learns to press the lever in the Skinner box.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Which of kind of behavior is most likely to be imitated by children?


A) Aggressive
B) Complex
C) Artistic
D) Thoughtful

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following is an advantage of modeling therapy?


A) It can break down unconscious resistances.
B) It can be used with groups.
C) It can decrease self-efficacy.
D) All of these are correct.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Skinner proposed that our cognitive processes act as mediators between stimulus and response.

A) True
B) False

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In the context of collective efficacy,which of the following statements is true?


A) The level of collective efficacy in sports teams is directly proportional to their previous performance.
B) Violence and criminal behavior increases the feeling of collective efficacy in neighborhoods to combat violence.
C) Collective efficacy in families occur where children are raised with strict guidance from parents.
D) Office departments which are high in collective efficacy have been shown to increase on-the-job stress.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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