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The 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center,Princess Diana's death,and the 1986 Challenger explosion.People's memories of the moment in which they learned of these events are termed _____ memories.


A) non-declarative
B) flashbulb
C) implicit
D) procedural

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Rhoda is thinking about her family reunion from last summer.This reminds her that a close friend is attending the same college in which her cousin is enrolled;her thoughts then turn to the reading assignments she has neglected in one of her classes.The process of describes how one memory brings up another in our network of mental representations.

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spreading ...

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Which of the following forms of memory refers to memory for skills and habits?


A) Declarative memory
B) Semantic memory
C) Episodic memory
D) Procedural memory

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Pierre has been an alcoholic for several decades.Now in his 50s,his intellectual abilities are intact,but he suffers from memory deficits and hallucinations.Based on this information,you suspect that Pierre may be afflicted with:


A) proactive interference.
B) Alzheimer's disease.
C) anterograde amnesia.
D) Korsakoff's syndrome.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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The unconscious process whereby disturbing memories are prevented from entering awareness is called:


A) repression.
B) denial.
C) projection.
D) suppression.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following is TRUE of the neuroscience of memory?


A) The initial encoding of information aided by the hippocampus is passed along to the amygdala.
B) The amygdala is especially involved with memories involving emotion.
C) The hippocampus is located within the brain's frontal lobes.
D) The amygdala aids in the initial encoding of information,acting as a kind of neurological e-mail system.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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In _____ interference,information learned earlier disrupts the recall of information learned more recently;in _____ interference,recently learned information disrupts the recall of information learned earlier.


A) retroactive;proactive
B) proactive;retroactive
C) regressive;progressive
D) progressive;regressive

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following searches explicit memory?


A) Jumping out of the path of an automobile coming toward us
B) A feeling of vague dislike for an acquaintance without knowing why we have that feeling
C) Trying to remember a name encountered or learned about previously
D) Picking up the phone whenever it rings

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following expressions best reflects the capacity of short-term memory?


A) One or two items
B) Unlimited
C) About seven +/- two chunks
D) About a dozen chunks

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Loftus and Palmer (1974) conducted an experiment in which participants estimated the speed of a car described as either contacting or smashing into another.To which of the following conclusions regarding eyewitness memory is this study most relevant?


A) The presence of a weapon attracts witnesses' attention,impairing their memory.
B) Eyewitnesses' confidence is only weakly related to eyewitness memory.
C) Eyewitness memory can be heavily influenced by leading questions.
D) Child eyewitnesses are especially suggestible.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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_____ memory is defined as a memory system that holds information temporarily while actively manipulating and rehearsing that information.


A) Declarative
B) Semantic
C) Long-term
D) Working

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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_____ rehearsal occurs when information is considered and organized in some fashion.


A) Primary
B) Elaborative
C) Rote
D) Maintenance

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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One's culture is most likely to influence:


A) short-term memory capacity.
B) the structure of long-term memory.
C) the strategies one uses to recall information from long-term memory.
D) the structure of procedural memory.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Activating one memory triggers the activation of related memories in a process known as:


A) spreading activation.
B) elaborative rehearsal.
C) network priming.
D) rote learning.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Rehearsal serves to:


A) refresh sensory memory.
B) keep information in sensory memory.
C) transfer information into long-term memory.
D) retrieve specific information exclusively.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The study of sensory memory is associated with:


A) Elizabeth Loftus
B) George Miller
C) George Sperling
D) Hermann Ebbinghaus

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Bart remembers the release date of his favorite movie director's upcoming project.Which of the following forms of memory would have helped Bart?


A) Implicit memory
B) External memory
C) Explicit memory
D) Internal memory

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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To what extent does culture influence basic memory processes and strategies for acquiring,rehearsing,and retrieving information? Provide as detailed a response as you can.

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The answer should include the following ...

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Ralph is preparing a report on his academic field trip to a manufacturing plant.He is trying to remember each event of the trip in the order in which it occurred to prepare an accurate report in a presentable form.Which of the following memory tasks is Ralph using?


A) Rehearsal
B) Recognition
C) Consolidation
D) Recall

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Describe the two sorts of interference that influence forgetting.

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In proactive interference,information le...

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