Question 1

When a parent belittles, screams at, or physically abuses their children, the parent becomes a(n)  _____ for fear and withdrawal.

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus
B)  conditioned response
C)  unconditioned stimulus
D)  unconditioned responseE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

The term for using a well-learned CS as an unconditioned stimulus is called

Accepted Answer

A)  higher order conditioning.
B)  training.
C)  shaping.
D)  extinction.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Associating pain with a dentist's office occurred because of a

Accepted Answer

A)  rational fear based upon realistic dangers.
B)  conditioned emotional response.
C)  fear was shaped by operant conditioning in childhood.
D)  conscious attempt to act frightened in order to gain attention.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

The nature of learning in _____ is that the probability of making a response is altered by the consequences that follow it.

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning
B)  operant conditioning
C)  Pavlovian conditioning
D)  respondent conditioningE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

A relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience is the definition of

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement.
B)  introspection.
C)  motivation.
D)  learning.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 6

Tamara is deathly afraid of coming in contact with germs.So, her therapist gradually exposes Tamara to "unclean" things, such as touching dirt or taking a bite of an unwashed piece of fruit, in a calm, relaxed, and supportive environment.This technique is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  desensitization.
B)  vicarious conditioning.
C)  spontaneous recovery.
D)  modeling.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Reinforcement is the key to _____ learning.

Accepted Answer

A)  insight
B)  cognitive
C)  associative
D)  maturationalE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

Computers have been used to safely simulate the experience of heights in the treatment of acrophobia.This technique is a type of

Accepted Answer

A)  desensitization.
B)  cognitive mapping.
C)  latent learning.
D)  higher order acquisition.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

Learned reactions worsen many cases of hypertension.Traffic jams and arguments with a spouse can become _____ that trigger a dangerous rise in blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimuli
B)  conditioned responses
C)  unconditioned stimuli
D)  unconditioned responsesE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Mitzi's cat has learned to meow every time it hears the can opener because Mitzi opened the cat food using an electric can opener.The cat food now comes in pull-top cans, so the cat never receives food after hearing the can opener.Mitzi's cat stops meowing to the can opener, illustrating that _____ has taken place.

Accepted Answer

A)  shaping
B)  extinction
C)  a spontaneous recovery
D)  negative reinforcementE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 11

In a television commercial, an advertiser shows a party scene with many college-age students having a great time.The advertiser's product, a new lite-beer, is prominently displayed in the scene.This advertiser is hoping that his product will become associated with fun.Therefore, when a college student is in a store, he or she will associate this new beer will good feelings and fun.The advertiser is depending on _____ in selling his product.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher order conditioning
B)  shaping
C)  response chaining
D)  extinctionE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

To produce extinction in the traditional Pavlovian experiment, an experimenter would present

Accepted Answer

A)  the visual stimulus, then the bell, followed by the meat powder.
B)  an olfactory stimulus, then the bell, followed by the meat powder.
C)  the bell, followed by the meat powder.
D)  the bell alone.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Superstitious behaviors are

Accepted Answer

A)  repeated because they appear to produce reinforcement.
B)  necessary to produce response-contingent reinforcement.
C)  observed in animals, but not people.
D)  characterized by all of these.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 14

A parent is trying to increase the time his child spends studying by rewarding the child with a baseball card for each hour he studies.The child does not increase or decrease his study time.This story illustrates the difference between

Accepted Answer

A)  shaping and response chaining.
B)  rewards and operant reinforcers.
C)  rewards and operant punishments.
D)  conditioned and unconditioned responses.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 15

Mollie loved to eat her grandmother's pecan pie.However, as her grandmother got older, she had difficulty picking out all the pecan shells, so some of the pieces got cooked into the pie.When Mollie would bite into a piece of pecan shell in the pie, she would grab her jaw in pain.After several visits eating "pecan-shell" pie, Mollie would grab her jaw before she even put a bite of pie in her mouth.The pain (of biting a pecan shell)  is the

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned response (CR) .
B)  conditioned stimulus (CS) .
C)  unconditioned response (UR) .
D)  unconditioned stimulus (US) .E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, salivation to the bell was the

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned response.
B)  unconditioned stimulus.
C)  conditioned stimulus.
D)  unconditioned response.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Vicarious classical conditioning occurs when a person learns to respond emotionally to a stimulus

Accepted Answer

A)  by experiencing a traumatic event in the presence of others.
B)  through systematic desensitization.
C)  by observing another person's emotional reactions.
D)  after experiencing repression for a traumatic event.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 18

A dog participating in dog agility training must navigate a variety of obstacles, such as jumping over hurdles, walking over seesaws, and running through tunnels with its trainer only able to reinforce the dog with a snack or hug after the dog completes the entire sequence.This illustrates the technique of

Accepted Answer

A)  biofeedback.
B)  generalized reinforcement.
C)  fixed action patterns.
D)  response chaining.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

If you ring the bell many times and do not follow it with lemon juice, Johnny's expectancy that the bell will precede the lemon juice will weaken.As it does, he will lose his tendency to salivate when he hears the bell.Thus, _____ has occurred.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus generalization
B)  extinction
C)  spontaneous recovery
D)  stimulus discriminationE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Classical conditioning tends to involve

Accepted Answer

A)  reflexive-type behaviors.
B)  a learning by immediate consequences.
C)  rewards more than punishments.
D)  punishments more than rewards.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 7: Extension A: Conditioning and Learning

Associating pain with a dentist's office occurred because of a

Correct Answer
verified

If you ring the bell many times and do not follow it with lemon juice, Johnny's expectancy that the bell will precede the lemon juice will weaken.As it does, he will lose his tendency to salivate when he hears the bell.Thus, _____ has occurred.

Correct Answer
verified

Superstitious behaviors are

Correct Answer
verified

In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, salivation to the bell was the

Correct Answer
verified

To produce extinction in the traditional Pavlovian experiment, an experimenter would present

Correct Answer
verified

A parent is trying to increase the time his child spends studying by rewarding the child with a baseball card for each hour he studies.The child does not increase or decrease his study time.This story illustrates the difference between

Correct Answer
verified

Vicarious classical conditioning occurs when a person learns to respond emotionally to a stimulus

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Learned reactions worsen many cases of hypertension.Traffic jams and arguments with a spouse can become _____ that trigger a dangerous rise in blood pressure.

Correct Answer
verified

Computers have been used to safely simulate the experience of heights in the treatment of acrophobia.This technique is a type of

Correct Answer
verified

Tamara is deathly afraid of coming in contact with germs.So, her therapist gradually exposes Tamara to "unclean" things, such as touching dirt or taking a bite of an unwashed piece of fruit, in a calm, relaxed, and supportive environment.This technique is known as

Correct Answer
verified

Reinforcement is the key to _____ learning.

Correct Answer
verified

Classical conditioning tends to involve

Correct Answer
verified

When a parent belittles, screams at, or physically abuses their children, the parent becomes a(n) _____ for fear and withdrawal.

Correct Answer
verified

A relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience is the definition of

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The term for using a well-learned CS as an unconditioned stimulus is called

Correct Answer
verified

The nature of learning in _____ is that the probability of making a response is altered by the consequences that follow it.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 7: Extension A: Conditioning and Learning

Associating pain with a dentist's office occurred because of a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you ring the bell many times and do not follow it with lemon juice, Johnny's expectancy that the bell will precede the lemon juice will weaken.As it does, he will lose his tendency to salivate when he hears the bell.Thus, _____ has occurred.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Superstitious behaviors are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, salivation to the bell was the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To produce extinction in the traditional Pavlovian experiment, an experimenter would present

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A parent is trying to increase the time his child spends studying by rewarding the child with a baseball card for each hour he studies.The child does not increase or decrease his study time.This story illustrates the difference between

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Vicarious classical conditioning occurs when a person learns to respond emotionally to a stimulus

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Learned reactions worsen many cases of hypertension.Traffic jams and arguments with a spouse can become _____ that trigger a dangerous rise in blood pressure.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Computers have been used to safely simulate the experience of heights in the treatment of acrophobia.This technique is a type of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tamara is deathly afraid of coming in contact with germs.So, her therapist gradually exposes Tamara to "unclean" things, such as touching dirt or taking a bite of an unwashed piece of fruit, in a calm, relaxed, and supportive environment.This technique is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reinforcement is the key to _____ learning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Classical conditioning tends to involve

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a parent belittles, screams at, or physically abuses their children, the parent becomes a(n) _____ for fear and withdrawal.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience is the definition of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The term for using a well-learned CS as an unconditioned stimulus is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The nature of learning in _____ is that the probability of making a response is altered by the consequences that follow it.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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