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What are schemas and how are they relevant to memory?

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A schema is a preexisting mental concept...

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Multiple choice exams involve testing a student's _____ abilities, whereas essay exams involve testing _____ abilities.


A) episodic memory/semantic memory
B) semantic memory/episodic memory
C) recall/recognition
D) recognition/recall

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Jeremiah, an eight-year-old boy, did not learn to tie his shoelaces until he was six years old.Now, he ties them expertly while talking to others and without looking at his feet.Such skills are associated with _____ memory.


A) flashbulb
B) procedural
C) episodic
D) semantic

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Elsa is studying for her psychology exam with the TV on in the background.Research on the effects of divided attention suggests that watching TV while studying will _____ Elsa's exam performance.


A) slightly increase
B) strongly increase
C) decrease
D) have no effect on

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Elaine is writing a paper about reactions to the tragedy that occurred at the Twin Towers on September 11, 2001.She interviews ten of her classmates and asks them to remember that day.She is surprised to learn that nearly all of the students she interviewed offer very detailed, vivid accounts of where they were and what they were doing when they first learned of the terrorist attacks.Elaine has discovered that most of her classmates have _____ of September 11, 2001.


A) a repressed memory
B) a flashbulb memory
C) implicit but not explicit memories
D) extrasensory perception

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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According to Hermann Ebbinghaus,


A) most forgetting occurs long after we originally learned something.
B) most forgetting occurs soon after we originally learned something.
C) motivated forgetting is a good treatment for overcoming traumatic events.
D) motivated forgetting is a poor treatment for overcoming traumatic events.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Although _____ is rich and detailed, we lose the information in it quickly unless we use certain strategies that transfer it into other memory systems.


A) sensory memory
B) selective memory
C) long-term memory
D) declarative memory

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Your friend Jane is having difficulty "taking in" the information in her history class so she asks you to use your expertise in psychology to offer some suggestions on how to improve her memory performance.Discuss how attention, deep processing, elaboration, and the use of mental imagery can affect the encoding process.

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Being able to engage in selective percep...

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Vince suffered serious brain injury to his cerebellum in a motorcycle accident.What effect will this have on Vince's life?


A) He probably won't remember his name.
B) He probably won't remember how to ride his motorcycle.
C) He probably won't recognize his wife.
D) He probably won't remember where he lives.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The cerebellum and _____ play an important role in implicit memory.


A) cerebral cortex
B) frontal lobes
C) corpus callosum
D) hypothalamus

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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A person is most likely to store a seven-digit phone number in his or her _____ memory.


A) sensory
B) short-term
C) implicit
D) echoic

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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