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One important goal of service learning is to help students


A) become less self-centered.
B) improve their grades.
C) develop their academic skills.
D) become more competitive and ambitious.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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_____ involves managing one's thoughts to engage in goal-directed behavior and self-control.


A) Mindfulness
B) Lower-order cognitive processes
C) Executive functioning
D) Mnemonic strategies

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Which of Ethan's statements is an indicator of personal fable?


A) "Nobody could possibly understand how I feel."
B) "My parents are so boring."
C) "I love listening to music."
D) "Why can't I stop worrying about my driving test?"

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Emma often shoplifts,as well as other petty crimes,with her group of friends.Even though she has heard that people eventually get caught while shoplifting,she feels that it will never happen to her.Emma's beliefs is characteristic of


A) personal fable.
B) social comparison.
C) imaginary audience phenomenon.
D) perspective thinking.

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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A recent study linked higher levels of church engagement with increased


A) delinquency in adolescents.
B) suicidal ideation in adolescents.
C) risky behavior in adolescents.
D) academic performance in adolescents.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following is TRUE?


A) Critics stress that many high schools foster autonomy rather than passivity.
B) The transition to middle school from elementary school is a smooth one for most students.
C) Educators worry that middle schools mimic the curricular and extracurricular schedules of high schools.
D) Students in middle school tend to feel less grown up than they felt in elementary school.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following statements is TRUE about the top-dog phenomenon?


A) It refers to an adolescent's tendency to indulge in risk-taking behavior,to maintain the top-position amongst his or her peers.
B) It refers to the circumstance of moving from the top position in elementary school to the lowest position in middle or junior high school.
C) It refers to adolescents' belief that others are as interested in them as they themselves are.
D) It refers to an adolescent's sense of uniqueness and invincibility.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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In their late teens most individuals


A) often begin to think about careers on an idealistic basis.
B) usually turn serious about their careers as they explore different career possibilities.
C) choose a major or specialization that is designed to lead to work in a particular field.
D) have completed their education or training and entered a full-time occupation.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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At Boston Sacred Heart School all the students in grades 9 to 12 are asked to participate in community-building programs.Students were asked to choose from a wide range of initiatives,such as helping older adults,conducting activities in orphaneges,assisting animal-welfare workers,etc.The school also conducted group discussions where children were encouraged to reflect upon their experiences.This program aimed at enabling the students to become less self-centered and promote prosocial behavior.In this example,Boston Sacred Heart School uses


A) life skills-based training.
B) service learning.
C) classical conditioning.
D) operant conditioning.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Describe the key changes in adolescent information processing and explain how these changes affect the adolescent.

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Students' answers may vary. Memory: Duri...

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According to research by Narvaez and Gleason,Toby,a college freshman,is probably most concerned about the welfare of


A) his fellow students.
B) his fellow citizens in the United States.
C) society in general.
D) himself.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Hector,an adolescent,often engages in rash driving.Though he has witnessed several of his friends getting hurt,he feels that such an eventuality will never happen to him.His friends have advised him not to drive while drinking.However,Hector believes that he is different from everyone else,and no one can understand how he really feels.Explain Hector's behavior using the adolescent egocentrism approach.

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Students' answers may vary. According to...

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What are the main reasons for students dropping out of high school,and what can be done to reduce the risk?

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Students' answers may vary. Students dro...

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According to recent research,social media sites such as Facebook may be promoting adolescent


A) egocentrism.
B) sense of fair play.
C) animism.
D) concrete operational thinking.

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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Controlling attention,reducing interfering thoughts,and being cognitively flexible are all elements of


A) working memory.
B) cognitive control.
C) egocentrism.
D) imaginary audience.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Making decisions and thinking critically are part of


A) mindfulness.
B) lower-order cognitive processes.
C) executive functioning.
D) mnemonic strategies.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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What are the factors that provide a basis for improvement in critical thinking during adolescence?

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The factors that provide a basis for imp...

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The 1989 Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development report recommended that middle schools should


A) separate students into smaller,more personal units and involve parents more.
B) focus on the academic curriculum and downplay the extracurricular programs.
C) increase student-to-counselor ratios.
D) be integrated with high schools to take advantage of having older adolescents as role models.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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John,an adolescent,was thinking about how animals think.Then he started thinking about why he was thinking about how animals think.Which of the following characteristics of the formal operational stage is John displaying in this example?


A) Abstract thought
B) Concrete thought
C) Critical thought
D) Egocentric thought

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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What is adolescent egocentrism? What are its key components?

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Adolescent egocentrism is the heightened...

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