Question 1

Why is it important to remember that the chiefdom and the state, like many categories used by social scientists, are ideal types?

Accepted Answer

A)  They distinguish political and sociopolitical analyses among social scientists.
B)  They are useless in sociopolitical analysis.
C)  They represent social goals that politicians should strive to achieve.
D)  They are labels that make social contrasts seem sharper than they really are.
E)  They ensure that the field of anthropology remains more scientific.F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 2

Modern foragers are not Stone Age relics, living fossils, lost tribes, or noble savages.Still, to the extent that foraging has been the basis of their subsistence, contemporary and recent hunter-gatherers

Accepted Answer

A)  are the closest we can come to studying true human nature.
B)  illustrate links between foraging economies and the emergence of social stratification.
C)  suggest that the most basic motive driving human survival is the need for power.
D)  can illustrate links between foraging economies and other aspects of society and culture, such as their sociopolitical organization.
E)  illustrate the social precursors to hegemony.F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 3

Tribal societies, which are typically organized by village life or membership in descent groups, tend to be egalitarian.However, egalitarianism diminishes

Accepted Answer

A)  as tribal leaders gain too much power and start to put it to use to buy favors.
B)  as village size and population density increase.
C)  as the village head's family grows.
D)  the closer one is to the big man's wife.
E)  as the overall population ages.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 4

Discuss ways in which order is maintained in societies that lack chiefs and rulers.

Accepted Answer

In societies that lack chiefs and rulers...

Question 5

States are complex systems of sociopolitical organization that aim to control and administer everything from conflict resolution to fiscal systems to population movements.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Kottak prefers the term sociopolitical organization to Morton Fried's term political organization in discussing the regulation or management of interrelations among groups and their representatives, because

Accepted Answer

A)  the term sociopolitical is more politically correct.
B)  anthropologists and political scientists have an interest in political systems and organization, but they cannot agree on the same terminology.
C)  sociopolitical is the term the founders of anthropology used to refer to the regulation or management of interrelations among groups and their representatives.
D)  the term political refers only to contemporary Western states.
E)  Fried's definition is much less applicable to nonstates, in which it is often difficult to detect any public policy.F) C) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is the most important factor in determining an individual's power and prestige in a state?

Accepted Answer

A)  personality
B)  ancestry
C)  speaking ability
D)  anthropomorphism
E)  physical sizeF) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 8

Contrast two of the following as political regulators:

Accepted Answer

A)   sodalities based on age and gender;
B)   village headmen; 
C)   village councils; 
D)   big men; and 
E)   pantribal sodalities.F) C) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 9

Modern hunter-gatherers should not be seen as representative of Stone Age peoples, all of whom were also foragers.Why?

Accepted Answer

Modern hunter-gatherers should not be se...

Question 10

Contrast the Inuit and Yanomami with respect to their reasons for disputes, the effectiveness of their means of resolving disputes, and how they enforce decisions about resolving disputes.

Accepted Answer

The Inuit and Yanomami have different re...

Question 11

Which of the following statements about nonstate societies is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Warfare is conducted by professional armies.
B)  Political institutions are maintained totally separate from economic institutions.
C)  Social control is maintained mostly through physical coercion.
D)  Economic, political, and religious activities are often embedded in one another.
E)  All political power is based on religion.F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 12

Since bands lack formalized law, they have no way of settling disputes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The Qashqai and Basseri peoples are examples of nomadic foragers who live in modern-day Iran.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

How does one distinguish between a chiefdom and a state? Is this a useful distinction? Is it always easy to make such a distinction?

Accepted Answer

A chiefdom and a state can be distinguis...

Question 15

Which of the following statements about political leaders in foraging bands is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They maintain power by keeping up strong ties with the commoner class.
B)  They have inherited special access to strategic resources.
C)  They maintain control by conquering foreign territories.
D)  They have no means of forcing people to follow their decisions.
E)  They are the most dominant males in the largest, most powerful descent group.F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 16

The key difference between a village head and a big man is that the big man has supporters in many villages, whereas the supporters of the village head are restricted to his respective village.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Stratum endogamy is restricted to chiefdoms, wherein chiefs occupied a formal elite stratum in society.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

In which of the following forms of political organization is it most likely that the most important leaders will acquire their positions based upon personal background or ability, rather than heredity?

Accepted Answer

A)  tribal societies
B)  feudal states
C)  imagined communities
D)  chiefdoms
E)  agrarian, preindustrial statesF) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 19

Status in chiefdoms and states is based primarily on differential access to resources.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A comparison between the Basseri and Qashqai, two Iranian nomadic tribes, illustrates how as regulatory problems increase,

Accepted Answer

A)  pastoralists are less likely to interact with other populations in the same space and time.
B)  rules regarding crime and punishment become more severe.
C)  political hierarchies become more complex.
D)  age sets begin to disintegrate.
E)  silence becomes the best strategy for avoiding conflict.F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Exam 8: Political Systems

Which of the following statements about nonstate societies is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stratum endogamy is restricted to chiefdoms, wherein chiefs occupied a formal elite stratum in society.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The key difference between a village head and a big man is that the big man has supporters in many villages, whereas the supporters of the village head are restricted to his respective village.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the most important factor in determining an individual's power and prestige in a state?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Contrast the Inuit and Yanomami with respect to their reasons for disputes, the effectiveness of their means of resolving disputes, and how they enforce decisions about resolving disputes.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe Inuit and Yanomami have different re...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following statements about political leaders in foraging bands is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Status in chiefdoms and states is based primarily on differential access to resources.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss ways in which order is maintained in societies that lack chiefs and rulers.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIIn societies that lack chiefs and rulers...View AnswerShow Answer

A comparison between the Basseri and Qashqai, two Iranian nomadic tribes, illustrates how as regulatory problems increase,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which of the following forms of political organization is it most likely that the most important leaders will acquire their positions based upon personal background or ability, rather than heredity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Since bands lack formalized law, they have no way of settling disputes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Modern hunter-gatherers should not be seen as representative of Stone Age peoples, all of whom were also foragers.Why?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIModern hunter-gatherers should not be se...View AnswerShow Answer

Contrast two of the following as political regulators:

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIShow Answer

Modern foragers are not Stone Age relics, living fossils, lost tribes, or noble savages.Still, to the extent that foraging has been the basis of their subsistence, contemporary and recent hunter-gatherers

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tribal societies, which are typically organized by village life or membership in descent groups, tend to be egalitarian.However, egalitarianism diminishes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kottak prefers the term sociopolitical organization to Morton Fried's term political organization in discussing the regulation or management of interrelations among groups and their representatives, because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does one distinguish between a chiefdom and a state? Is this a useful distinction? Is it always easy to make such a distinction?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIA chiefdom and a state can be distinguis...View AnswerShow Answer

Why is it important to remember that the chiefdom and the state, like many categories used by social scientists, are ideal types?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

States are complex systems of sociopolitical organization that aim to control and administer everything from conflict resolution to fiscal systems to population movements.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Qashqai and Basseri peoples are examples of nomadic foragers who live in modern-day Iran.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The Inuit and Yanomami have different re...
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In societies that lack chiefs and rulers...
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Modern hunter-gatherers should not be se...
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A chiefdom and a state can be distinguis...
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