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Which of the following observations concerning reinsurance is FALSE?


A) It is an alternative to managing risk on a PC insurer's balance sheet.
B) Non-U.S.reinsurers are majority players in U.S.reinsurance business.
C) It does not enable the insurer to improve its capital position.
D) It can be used to limit losses and stabilize cash flows.
E) It represented 2.6 percent of total PC industry assets in 2012.

F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

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The growth of HMOs has increased the amount of health insurance premiums collected by life insurance companies.

A) True
B) False

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Insurance guaranty funds involve a permanent fund similar to the FDIC for the purpose of compensating the policyholders of failed insurers.

A) True
B) False

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Calculate the annual cash flows of a $2 million, 10-year fixed-payment deferred annuity earning a guaranteed 8 percent per year if annual payments are to begin at the end of the sixth (6th) year.


A) $218,973.21.
B) $202,752.97.
C) $343,321.86.
D) $405,505.95.
E) $437,946.42.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Property-casualty underwriting risk only exists when the premiums generated on a given insurance line are less than the claims (losses) on the line.

A) True
B) False

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One reason for the recent decline in the expense ratio for PC insurers is an increase dependence on independent brokers to sell and distribute insurance policies.

A) True
B) False

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Automobile liability insurance provides protection against theft or damage to the vehicle.

A) True
B) False

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The Insurance Regulatory Information System (IRIS) is a standardized examination system used to measure the profitability of insurance companies.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is used as collateral when an insurance company issues policy loans?


A) Expected premium payments.
B) Existing policies.
C) Unearned premiums.
D) Guarantee funds.
E) U.S.Treasury Bills.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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An insurance policy that allows both the premium amount and the maturity of the life contract to be changed by the insured is called


A) term life.
B) universal life.
C) whole life.
D) endowment life.
E) variable life.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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In group life insurance, lower rates on policies can be offered because of cost economies as a result of mass administration of plans and reduced selling and commission costs.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is NOT a possible result when a property-liability company purchases reinsurance?


A) improved capital position.
B) limits on losses on reinsured policies.
C) stabilized cash flows.
D) dilution of earnings per share.
E) All of the above are possible results of purchasing reinsurance.

F) All of the above
G) D) and E)

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What does the loss ratio measure in any particular year?


A) Payouts on policies to premiums earned.
B) Amount of premiums earned relative to the payout on policies.
C) Overall underwriting profitability of a line.
D) Loss adjustment expenses to premiums earned.
E) Commission and other acquisition costs to premiums written.

F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Calculate the annual cash flows of a $500,000, 12-year fixed-payment annuity earning a guaranteed 6 percent per year if annual payments are to begin at the end of the current year.


A) $59,638.51.
B) $56,262.75.
C) $29,819.26.
D) $83,841.52.
E) $28,131.37.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The expected loss potential is more difficult to determine with low-severity, high-frequency events.

A) True
B) False

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The operating ratio for a PC insurer equals


A) loss ratio plus the ratios of loss adjustment expenses to premiums earned.
B) loss ratio plus expense ratio plus dividend ratio.
C) combined ratio minus dividends paid to policyholders.
D) acquisition costs plus dividends paid as a proportion of premiums earned.
E) combined ratio after dividends minus the investment yield.

F) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

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State-sponsored insurance guarantee funds are run and administered by private insurance companies operating in the state.

A) True
B) False

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The process of life insurance uses risk pooling to transfer income-related uncertainties from a group of individuals to an insured individual.

A) True
B) False

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Because of the large amounts of policy reserves that life insurance companies carry as liabilities, they are rarely surprised by unexpected fluctuations in expected future payouts.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is an advantage of converting from a mutual insurance company to a stockholder-controlled company?


A) Publicly held companies have access to equity markets for additional capital for future business expansion.
B) Mutual organizations are subject to higher regulatory standards than public companies.
C) Ability to offer more insurance products than those allowed under mutual ownership.
D) Publicly held insurance companies can convert to federal charters but mutual organizations cannot.
E) Mutual organizations can only underwrite policies in the state in which they are chartered while publicly held organizations can expand nationwide.

F) D) and E)
G) None of the above

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