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The optimal mix of output is:


A) the most desirable combination of output attainable with existing resources,technology and social values.
B) an attempt to compare the real worth rather than the market values to various goods and services.
C) an exercise to determine if is better to reduce government expenditures or reduce taxes.
D) the most desirable level of the distribution of income.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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In economics,a public good:


A) Is any good produced by the government.
B) Always causes government failure.
C) Is provided in an optimal amount by the market.
D) Allows free riders to benefit from the good.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is most likely a private good?


A) Flood control
B) Military protection
C) Food
D) Bridges

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Table 9.2 Table 9.2   -In Table 9.2,which firm has the lowest absolute level of costs borne directly by the producer? A)  Firm A B)  Firm B C)  Firm C D)  Firm D -In Table 9.2,which firm has the lowest absolute level of costs borne directly by the producer?


A) Firm A
B) Firm B
C) Firm C
D) Firm D

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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The communal nature of a highway means that no one individual is motivated to pay for it because even those who do not pay will still benefit from using it.This is an example of:


A) The free-rider dilemma.
B) Government failure.
C) Inequity.
D) A natural monopoly.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following leads to market failure?


A) Regulation.
B) Market power.
C) Antitrust laws.
D) Government planning.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Which of the following prohibits price discrimination?


A) The Sherman Act
B) The Clayton Act
C) The Federal Trade Commission Act
D) The Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The federal government's role in antitrust enforcement is justified by considerations of:


A) Equity.
B) Public goods and externalities.
C) Market power.
D) Macro failure.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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If a good generates an external cost,the market will produce:


A) Some of the good but not enough.
B) Too much of the good.
C) An optimal amount of the good.
D) None of the gooD.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Externalities are always harmful to third parties.

A) True
B) False

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Social Security benefits are not an income transfer since individuals contribute to the fund during their working years.

A) True
B) False

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The market tends to overproduce public goods and under produce private goods.

A) True
B) False

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Macro instability refers to the underproduction of public goods.

A) True
B) False

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If a system of emission charges forces firms to internalize all external costs:


A) Relative prices of polluting activities will rise.
B) The elimination of externalities will fully compensate for any excessive market power.
C) The elimination of externalities will allow greater production of all goods and services.
D) Pollution will increase.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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This table contains data on the social costs and benefits incurred in improving water quality in a lake.Complete the table and answer the question(s) below. Table 9.1-Costs of reducing water pollution This table contains data on the social costs and benefits incurred in improving water quality in a lake.Complete the table and answer the question(s) below. Table 9.1-Costs of reducing water pollution   -In Table 9.1,what is the marginal social cost (in dollars per PPM) of reducing pollution rates from 35 to 25 PPM? A)  $1 B)  $5 C)  $7 D)  $10 -In Table 9.1,what is the marginal social cost (in dollars per PPM) of reducing pollution rates from 35 to 25 PPM?


A) $1
B) $5
C) $7
D) $10

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following is not a goal of macro intervention?


A) Price stability.
B) Market power.
C) Full employment.
D) Economic growth.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Suppose a coal burning plant is emitting excessive pollution into the air.Suggest two ways the government can deal with this market failure.

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The two ways that government has to deal...

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An emission charge is a:


A) Tax on the consumption of goods that are produced by pollution-causing firms.
B) Fee imposed on polluters based on the quantity of pollution they impose on society.
C) Tax levied on the third parties involved in externalities.
D) Fee imposed on free-riders for the use of a good or service.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following is not an example of market failure?


A) Public goods.
B) Government intervention.
C) Market power.
D) Externalities.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Figure 9.3: Figure 9.3:     -In Figure 9.3,if the rate of output is 320 units: A)  Social costs equal private costs. B)  Social costs exceed private costs. C)  Private costs exceed social costs. D)  External costs equal private costs. -In Figure 9.3,if the rate of output is 320 units:


A) Social costs equal private costs.
B) Social costs exceed private costs.
C) Private costs exceed social costs.
D) External costs equal private costs.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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