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Amputees often dream of intact,fully functional limbs without any phantom limb experiences at all because during sleep,sensory inputs from the area of the missing limb are


A) activated.
B) suppressed.
C) pass through pain gates to the brain.
D) pass through the central biasing system.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following can produce a permanent hearing loss?


A) brief exposure to sounds of at least 150 decibels
B) daily exposure to 60 decibels
C) prolonged exposure to high frequency sounds regardless of their intensity
D) all of these

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Sound energy is converted to nerve impulses by the hair cells inside the


A) tympanic membrane.
B) cochlea.
C) otolith organs.
D) pinna.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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The skin receptors that sense warmth,cold,and pain are the


A) Merkel's disks.
B) free nerve endings.
C) Ruffini's endings.
D) Pacinian corpuscles.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Regarding conductive hearing losses,which of the following statements is FALSE?


A) Conductive losses can sometimes be overcome by the use of hearing aids.
B) Conductive losses may be caused by immobilization of the auditory ossicles.
C) Conductive losses may result from damage to the eardrum.
D) Conductive losses are often caused by listening to very loud sounds for a prolonged period of time.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Regarding aspects of warning pain,which of the following statements is FALSE?


A) Warning system pain is carried by small nerve fibers.
B) Warning pain quickly disappears.
C) Without warning pain,we would be unable to detect or prevent injury.
D) Warning pain is a signal that the body has been,or is about to be,damaged.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is a membrane on the cochlea that is attached to the stapes and moves back and forth,making waves in the fluid inside the cochlea?


A) tympanic membrane
B) auditory ossicle
C) oval window
D) pinna

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Marian has been diagnosed with a sensorineural hearing loss,which was most likely caused by


A) damage to the auditory ossicles.
B) a puncture to her eardrum.
C) chronic ear infections that led to fluid build-up in her middle ear.
D) damage to the hair cells in the cochlea.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The loudness of a sound corresponds to which aspect of a sound wave?


A) frequency
B) amplitude
C) rarefaction
D) compression

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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With regard to our senses,which of the following statements is FALSE?


A) The flavor of food includes the quality of texture and temperature.
B) The flavor of food can involve pain.
C) We are most sensitive to sweet,and least sensitive to sour taste sensations.
D) Smell is important in determining the variety of flavors.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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MSG's reputation as a "flavor enhancer" occurs because


A) the savory odors of the food are combined with the taste of glutamate.
B) the salty,sour,and sweet taste sensations are combined.
C) it enhances the textural and temperature equalities of the food.
D) the pain created on the tongue triggers an "endorphin high."

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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