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The "workfare" component in welfare programs was introduced to:​


A) decrease the demand for skilled labor.
B) decrease the demand for unskilled labor.
C) decrease the supply of skilled labor.
D) expose people to the job market.
E) reduce the workload of people employed in industries.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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A consequence of the "workfare" component in welfare programs was that:​


A) the government incurred huge federal deficits while running this program.
B) the government saved money because people in this program left welfare sooner.
C) it led to the unionization of the workforce.
D) it increased the dependency on welfare programs and people continued to be on welfare for decades.
E) it reduced the incentives of out-of-work workers to find employment.

F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

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Of the following, who would probably have the highest income?​


A) A couple, both of whom have high school educations and work at Walmart​
B) A husband who has a high school degree and a middle-management job, and his wife, who is a stay-at-home mother
C) A couple, both of whom have high school educations; he is a primary school teacher and she is a waitress
D) A husband who has a college degree and is a high school teacher and his wife, who has an MBA and works as an insurance company executive
E) A couple, both of whom have college degrees and are high school teachers

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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Since 1970, the number of African-American professionals (e.g., doctors, lawyers) in the labor force has increased dramatically.​

A) True
B) False

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An increasing fraction of jobs in the U.S. labor market:​


A) pay workers on the basis of the bargaining power of labor unions.
B) are designed to employ retired people.
C) are reserved for widows with young children.
D) pay workers for their productivity using bonus pay and commissions.
E) reward workers on the basis of the number of years they work in a company.

F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

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The purpose of social insurance is to:​


A) encourage charitable donations.
B) provide money to the poor.
C) provide full-time jobs to the poor.
D) redistribute income from the old to the young.
E) supplement the incomes of those who have worked but are now retired.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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One reason elected officials in U.S. government are sensitive to demands by the elderly is that the elderly have higher voter participation rates than members of other age groups.​

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is a social insurance program?​


A) Medicaid
B) Food stamps
C) Unemployment compensation
D) Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
E) Supplemental Security Income

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The official poverty level in the United States:​


A) remains constant every year.
B) decreases every year, based on the annual average income of households.
C) increases every year, based on the annual average income of households.
D) changes based on family size and inflation.
E) changes based on the unemployment rate and the total income of households.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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One of the reasons why household incomes differ is that the number of household members who are working differs.​

A) True
B) False

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