Question 1

As described in the text, techniques for refreshing witness memories include:

Accepted Answer

A)   hypnosis and cognitive interview.
B)   hypnosis and hypnotic hypernesia.
C)   lineups and photo spreads.
D)   lineups and meta-analysis.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Even though the Supreme Court _____ the Manson framework, several states continue to _____ criteria established in Manson.

Accepted Answer

A)   tried to amend; apply the scientifically proven
B)   refused to amend; to reconsider the outdated
C)   amended; refuse to apply the
D)   amended; apply the outdatedE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

Bias-reducing instructions are used to assist eyewitnesses to be accurate in their identification of a suspect. An example of such instructions, as noted in the text, is telling the eyewitness that:

Accepted Answer

A)   "the true criminal might not be in the lineup or photo spread."
B)   "the true criminal is probably in the lineup or photo spread."
C)   "the entire case rests on the selection of someone in the lineup or photo spread."
D)   "the detective has a strong feeling that one of the suspects is in the lineup or photo spread."E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

The benefit of a cognitive interview is that:

Accepted Answer

A)   memories become fragmented and well-defined.
B)   the eyewitness enters a highly suggestive state.
C)   the eyewitness becomes more receptive to questions.
D)   it mentally reinstates the context surrounding the crime.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

Eyewitnesses depend on _____ to identify or describe a suspect.

Accepted Answer

A)   scientists
B)   police assistance
C)   memory
D)   evidenceE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

In addition to issues with memory in general, other things can introduce biases. Studies show that interference can take place during the process of identification of a suspect: Witnesses may feel more certain about their memory of an event or perpetrator as a result of _____ and _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   stress; concern
B)   biased questioning; stress
C)   lineup procedures; confusion
D)   biased questioning; lineup proceduresE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 7

Retrieval inhibition occurs when an individual:

Accepted Answer

A)   selectively recalls some aspects of a situation while the recall of other aspects is suppressed.
B)   retrieves some aspects of a crime scene, while consciously ignoring other aspects.
C)   selectively recalls some of the aspects of a situation but cannot express them in words.
D)   generally inhibits about half of all retrieved memories.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Wrongful convictions have been shown to result from faulty eyewitness testimony _____ from any other type of evidence.

Accepted Answer

A)   less frequently than
B)   as often as
C)   more often than
D)   None of the above is correct.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

According to the text, what we generally see and remember is impacted by what we expect to see. This tendency to maintain widely held beliefs about a sequence of expected behaviors is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)   retrieval inhibition.
B)   scripts.
C)   meta-analysis.
D)   unconscious transference.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

When presented with a lineup, Alexis was able to identify the perpetrator of a robbery she had witnessed. She was not sure of her identification at first, but when the investigator mentioned that another witness had also chosen the same suspect, her confidence that she remembered the perpetrator well grew close to 100%. This is an illustration of:

Accepted Answer

A)   scripts.
B)   unconscious transference.
C)   post-identification feedback effect.
D)   bias-reducing instructions.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 11

When doing research, social scientists often look at many factors. Factors that are outside the control of the legal system are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)   system variables.
B)   dependent variables.
C)   independent variables.
D)   estimator variables.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 12

The term _____ is part of memory processing. It entails gathering information and putting it into a form that can be retrieved later on.

Accepted Answer

A)   storage
B)   retrieval
C)   encoding
D)   heuristicsE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 13

According to the text, the cross-race effect is present in babies as young as:

Accepted Answer

A)   6 months.
B)   9 months.
C)   12 months.
D)   18 months.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Eyewitness testimony is very important in the court trials. It has been a subject of multiple research studies. Psychological studies find that eyewitness testimony is:

Accepted Answer

A)   more reliable than most people think.
B)   more fallible that one would suppose.
C)   only reliable if preceded by expert testimony.
D)   more reliable in court than in police settings.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Exam 7: Section 2: Eyewitness Identification and Testimony

Correct Answer
verified

Bias-reducing instructions are used to assist eyewitnesses to be accurate in their identification of a suspect. An example of such instructions, as noted in the text, is telling the eyewitness that:

Correct Answer
verified

Even though the Supreme Court _ the Manson framework, several states continue to _ criteria established in Manson.

Correct Answer
verified

As described in the text, techniques for refreshing witness memories include:

Correct Answer
verified

Eyewitnesses depend on _____ to identify or describe a suspect.

Correct Answer
verified

The benefit of a cognitive interview is that:

Correct Answer
verified

Eyewitness testimony is very important in the court trials. It has been a subject of multiple research studies. Psychological studies find that eyewitness testimony is:

Correct Answer
verified

According to the text, the cross-race effect is present in babies as young as:

Correct Answer
verified

In addition to issues with memory in general, other things can introduce biases. Studies show that interference can take place during the process of identification of a suspect: Witnesses may feel more certain about their memory of an event or perpetrator as a result of _ and _.

Correct Answer
verified

When doing research, social scientists often look at many factors. Factors that are outside the control of the legal system are referred to as:

Correct Answer
verified

Retrieval inhibition occurs when an individual:

Correct Answer
verified

According to the text, what we generally see and remember is impacted by what we expect to see. This tendency to maintain widely held beliefs about a sequence of expected behaviors is referred to as:

Correct Answer
verified

Wrongful convictions have been shown to result from faulty eyewitness testimony _____ from any other type of evidence.

Correct Answer
verified

The term _____ is part of memory processing. It entails gathering information and putting it into a form that can be retrieved later on.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 7: Section 2: Eyewitness Identification and Testimony

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bias-reducing instructions are used to assist eyewitnesses to be accurate in their identification of a suspect. An example of such instructions, as noted in the text, is telling the eyewitness that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Even though the Supreme Court _____ the Manson framework, several states continue to _____ criteria established in Manson.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As described in the text, techniques for refreshing witness memories include:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Eyewitnesses depend on _____ to identify or describe a suspect.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The benefit of a cognitive interview is that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Eyewitness testimony is very important in the court trials. It has been a subject of multiple research studies. Psychological studies find that eyewitness testimony is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the text, the cross-race effect is present in babies as young as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In addition to issues with memory in general, other things can introduce biases. Studies show that interference can take place during the process of identification of a suspect: Witnesses may feel more certain about their memory of an event or perpetrator as a result of _____ and _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When doing research, social scientists often look at many factors. Factors that are outside the control of the legal system are referred to as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Retrieval inhibition occurs when an individual:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the text, what we generally see and remember is impacted by what we expect to see. This tendency to maintain widely held beliefs about a sequence of expected behaviors is referred to as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Wrongful convictions have been shown to result from faulty eyewitness testimony _____ from any other type of evidence.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The term _____ is part of memory processing. It entails gathering information and putting it into a form that can be retrieved later on.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Even though the Supreme Court _ the Manson framework, several states continue to _ criteria established in Manson.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In addition to issues with memory in general, other things can introduce biases. Studies show that interference can take place during the process of identification of a suspect: Witnesses may feel more certain about their memory of an event or perpetrator as a result of _ and _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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