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Exam 15: Transport Protocols

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Question 21

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When the system upon which a transport entity is running fails and subsequently restarts,the state information of all active connections is lost.The affected connections become ________ because the side that did not fail does not yet realize the problem.

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Question 22

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When a TCP entity detects the presence of congestion in the Internet,it reduces the flow of data onto the Internet until it detects an easing in congestion.

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Question 23

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The SYN segment functions both as a connection request and as a connection acknowledgment.

The TCP header ________ field contains the number of data octets,beginning with the sequence number indicated in the acknowledgment field,that the sender is willing to accept.

"Abort connection when no segments are received" is the ________ Transport Protocol Timer.

"Listen for connection attempt at specified security and precedence from specified destination" is the description of the TCP Service Request ________ Primitive.

________ measures the time the transport machine will continue to await an acknowledgment of a transmitted segment after the segment has been retransmitted the maximum number of times.When the timer expires,the transport entity assumes that the other transport entity or intervening network has failed,closes the connection,and signals an abnormal close to the TS user.

To begin a connection establishment a TS user is in a ________ state.

When a data segment arrives that is in sequence,the receiving TCP entity has two options concerning the timing of acknowledgment: Immediate and

The TS user can signal to the local TCP entity that it will passively wait for a request with a ________ command.A server program such as time-sharing or a file transfer application might do this.

An internetwork using IP is an example of a reliable network service.

The ________ field in the TCP header contains the sequence number of the next data octet that the TCP entity expects to receive.

There is no need for connection establishment and termination procedures to support connection-oriented service with a reliable network service.

Once the Passive Open command is issued,the transport entity creates a connection object of some sort that is in the ________ state.

A credit scheme is a more effective scheme with an unreliable network service.

The sliding-window technique would work well with a reliable network service.

The ________ protocol provides an end-to-end transfer service that shields upper- layer protocols from the details of the intervening network or networks.

________ provides a means of informing the destination TCP user that significant data is in the upcoming data stream.It is up to the destination user to determine appropriate action.

If there is a single host-node link over which all virtual circuits are multiplexed,the throughput of a transport connection can exceed the data rate of that link.

The less the network service provides,the more the transport protocol must do.