Question 1

Voltaire's attitude toward injustice,fanaticism,and intolerance was solidified due to a murder case tried in 1762; the defendant in the case was:

Accepted Answer

A)   Jean Le Rond.
B)   François Arouet.
C)   Jean Calas.
D)   Cesare Beccaria.
E)   Giovanni Vico.F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 2

Although the philosophes condemned slavery,they did not argue for its immediate abolition and used many different means of avoiding the issue.One of their number,_________,exposed the hypocrisy of this approach by wondering how the Europeans would view slavery if they themselves were being enslaved.

Accepted Answer

A)   Baron de Montesquieu
B)   Denis Diderot
C)   Voltaire
D)   Jean Calas
E)   Moses MendelssohnF) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 3

In his novel Emile,Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that:

Accepted Answer

A)   children are by nature good and are equal in their capacity to learn.
B)   children should be taught to use reason very early in life.
C)   women ought to have the same education as men.
D)   the state should be responsible for creating an elaborate system of public education.
E)   children are selfish by nature and need to be restrained and taught by rote.F) A) and D)
G) None of the above A

Question 4

What was the Enlightenment,and what role did the scientific revolution play in its creation?

Accepted Answer

The Enlightenment is often referred to a...

Question 5

A philosophe may be defined as an individual who was a[n]:

Accepted Answer

A)   free thinker.
B)   trained philosopher.
C)   ordained cleric.
D)   member of the nobility.
E)   philosopher by avocation.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 6

The life and career of Cesare Beccaria was dedicated to the idea that:

Accepted Answer

A)   the only legitimate rationale for punishment was to maintain the social order.
B)   the philosophes should become, following Plato, the rulers of the world.
C)   the philosophes were atheists and should be persecuted as heretics.
D)   human progress would result from a completely new scientific method.
E)   the laws ought to be reformed to protect middle-class private property.F) A) and C)
G) A) and E) A

Question 7

Rousseau argued that men and women should receive the same education to enable them to be and create good citizens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Of all thinkers from the scientific revolution,John Locke had the widest-ranging impact on Enlightenment scholars.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

How did the writers and thinkers of the Enlightenment deal with the topic of slavery?

Accepted Answer

Enlightenment thinking began with the pr...

Question 10

In The Spirit of the Laws,Baron de Montesquieu argued:

Accepted Answer

A)   that all political institutions ought to conform to environmental conditions.
B)   that Christianity was solely responsible for the fall of the Roman Empire.
C)   that the government that governs least governs best of all.
D)   in favor of the separation and balancing of the powers of government.
E)   in favor of a strong monarchy balanced by a strong nobility.F) D) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 11

The philosophes of the eighteenth century used people's houses in which to meet and converse on a more informal basis than that provided by the royal academies.These informal meetings were known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   salons.
B)   lodges.
C)   aeries.
D)   teahouses.
E)   coffeehouses.F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 12

Closely following voyages of discovery,many Enlightenment thinkers such as Denis Diderot believed that the Tahitians best represented humanity:

Accepted Answer

A)   as Europeans ought to attempt to emulate.
B)   in its natural state.
C)   in its degenerate state.
D)   as innocent yet corrupted by Europeans.
E)   as corrupt but possible to be saved through conversion to Christianity.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B) B

Question 13

Unlike the writers of the scientific revolution,the Enlightenment writers wrote for large audiences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What was the impact of John Locke's theories on the thinkers of the Enlightenment?

Accepted Answer

Locke was a powerful influence on the th...

Question 15

Which of the following statements best expresses the philosophes' attitude toward slavery?

Accepted Answer

A)   Slavery corrupted its victims, and so slaves were not ready for freedom.
B)   Slavery was compatible only with a society based on paternalism and deference.
C)   All slavery is inhuman, and governments ought to take steps to eradicate it immediately.
D)   Slavery was uneconomical and contrary to laissez-faire principles.
E)   Slavery was justified by ancient practice and by the Bible and should, therefore, be allowed everywhere Europeans ruled.F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 16

_________ was a Jewish philosopher who argued that religion should be voluntary,that secular states should promote tolerance,and that progress for everyone would come through humanitarianism.

Accepted Answer

A)   Baruch Espinoza
B)   Moses Mendelssohn
C)   Nathan Lessing
D)   Alexander von Humboldt
E)   Felix MendelssohnF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 17

Deism,the "religion" of the Enlightenment,expressed the belief that:

Accepted Answer

A)   there is no God.
B)   humankind is predestined to either heaven or hell.
C)   God created the universe, but no longer took any active interest in it.
D)   Catholicism had become too liberal and a return to true Christianity was needed.
E)   humankind can know God only through nature.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 18

Although much admired in many segments of the population,Voltaire's forthrightness kept him in trouble and even got him a short stay in prison in the:

Accepted Answer

A)   Fontainebleau.
B)   Bastille.
C)   Frontenac.
D)   Louvre.
E)   le Havre.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 19

Captain Cook was killed by cannibals in New Zealand,adding to the ferocity of the Western image of the Maori.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's books sold especially well among women?

Accepted Answer

A)   Julie
B)   Emile
C)   The Social Contract
D)   Sense and Sensibility
E)   Meditations on a First PhilosophyF) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Exam 17: Europe during the Enlightenment

Voltaire's attitude toward injustice,fanaticism,and intolerance was solidified due to a murder case tried in 1762; the defendant in the case was:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In his novel Emile,Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that:

Correct AnswerverifiedA

What was the Enlightenment,and what role did the scientific revolution play in its creation?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe Enlightenment is often referred to a...View AnswerShow Answer

A philosophe may be defined as an individual who was a[n]:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The life and career of Cesare Beccaria was dedicated to the idea that:

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Rousseau argued that men and women should receive the same education to enable them to be and create good citizens.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of all thinkers from the scientific revolution,John Locke had the widest-ranging impact on Enlightenment scholars.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How did the writers and thinkers of the Enlightenment deal with the topic of slavery?

Correct AnswerverifiedEnlightenment thinking began with the pr...View AnswerShow Answer

In The Spirit of the Laws,Baron de Montesquieu argued:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The philosophes of the eighteenth century used people's houses in which to meet and converse on a more informal basis than that provided by the royal academies.These informal meetings were known as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Closely following voyages of discovery,many Enlightenment thinkers such as Denis Diderot believed that the Tahitians best represented humanity:

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Unlike the writers of the scientific revolution,the Enlightenment writers wrote for large audiences.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was the impact of John Locke's theories on the thinkers of the Enlightenment?

Correct AnswerverifiedLocke was a powerful influence on the th...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following statements best expresses the philosophes' attitude toward slavery?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_________ was a Jewish philosopher who argued that religion should be voluntary,that secular states should promote tolerance,and that progress for everyone would come through humanitarianism.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Deism,the "religion" of the Enlightenment,expressed the belief that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although much admired in many segments of the population,Voltaire's forthrightness kept him in trouble and even got him a short stay in prison in the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Captain Cook was killed by cannibals in New Zealand,adding to the ferocity of the Western image of the Maori.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's books sold especially well among women?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

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The Enlightenment is often referred to a...
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A

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Enlightenment thinking began with the pr...
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B

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Locke was a powerful influence on the th...
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