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Freud called his theory of personality and the associated treatment techniques


A) psychodynamic theory.
B) terror-management theory.
C) epigenetics.
D) psychoanalysis.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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According to Freud,understanding how the id,ego,and superego interact is essential to grasping the nature of


A) the collective unconscious.
B) free association.
C) the conflict between impulse and restraint.
D) an inferiority complex.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Ariel loves her husband but unconsciously resents his successful career.Her therapist suggests that their marriage would improve if she recognized the conflict between these two feelings.The therapist's belief best illustrates the ________ perspective.


A) trait
B) humanistic
C) social-cognitive
D) psychodynamic

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Melissa is unconsciously fearful that her husband is a better cook than she is.Recently,she refused his offer to prepare dinner because,said she,"You could better spend the time playing with your kids." Melissa's comment best illustrates


A) projection.
B) rationalization.
C) displacement.
D) reaction formation.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Contemporary psychodynamic theorists are most likely to emphasize the importance of


A) sexual instincts.
B) free association.
C) inner conflicts.
D) oral fixations.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Shortly after receiving a traffic ticket for speeding,Fred made numerous hostile comments to his wife about the incompetence of women drivers.Fred's comments illustrate most clearly the defense mechanism of


A) reaction formation.
B) rationalization.
C) identification.
D) displacement.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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According to Freud's theory,the ego


A) is the executive part of personality.
B) operates on the pleasure principle.
C) is the major source of guilt feelings.
D) operates only on a conscious level.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Compared with Freud,contemporary research psychologists are LESS likely to think of unconscious mental dynamics as involving


A) information processing.
B) repressive censoring.
C) implicit memory.
D) right-hemisphere activity.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Katrinka habitually makes nasty,hostile comments about her teachers.Freud would have suggested that her behavior illustrates the powerful influence of the


A) self-concept.
B) superego.
C) ego.
D) id.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Byron is always looking to others for advice,approval,and affection.According to the psychoanalytic perspective,Byron is most likely fixated at the ________ stage.


A) phallic
B) anal
C) latency
D) oral

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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According of Freud,the censored expression of the dreamer's hidden wishes is the


A) manifest content.
B) latent content.
C) unconscious content.
D) Oedipal content.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Freud suggested that the superego strengthens through the process of


A) fixation.
B) free association.
C) repression.
D) identification.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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When 2-year-old Matthew was told he would get no dessert until he finished the food on his plate,he threw his plate on the floor in a temper tantrum.Freud would have suggested that Matthew was unable to resist the demands of his


A) superego.
B) ego.
C) id.
D) Oedipus complex.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Nine-year-old Jessie is frustrated by his inability to read at the same level as the other children in his class.On the playground,he bullies and teases those who read well in class.According to Alfred Adler,Jessie's behavior is a result of


A) projection.
B) an inferiority complex.
C) repression.
D) the pleasure principle.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Freud's supporters note that some of his ideas are enduring.Research by psychologist Daniel Kahneman,who won a 2002 Nobel Prize,has demonstrated support for Freud's idea of the


A) connection between the unconscious and the irrational.
B) importance of dreams.
C) existence of the Oedipus complex.
D) unconscious origin of defense mechanisms.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Experimental studies of terror-management theory indicate that we defend ourselves against death anxiety by increasing our


A) aggression toward rivals and our esteem for ourselves.
B) esteem for rivals and our contempt for ourselves.
C) aggression toward rivals and our contempt for ourselves.
D) esteem for rivals and our esteem for ourselves.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Forgotten memories that we can easily recall were said by Freud to be


A) displaced.
B) preconscious.
C) fixated.
D) unconscious.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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According to some scholars,Freud thought that stories of childhood sexual abuse reported by his adult female patients reflected their


A) erogenous zones.
B) inferiority complexes.
C) childhood sexual wishes.
D) social standing.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Freud thought that the ego attempts to satisfy the demands of the id in a way that will bring long-term benefits rather than pain.According to Freud,the ego operates on


A) the Oedipus complex.
B) the reality principle.
C) unconscious wishes.
D) the pleasure principle.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Boris does not like chemistry,but he has chosen it as his college major simply to prove that he is just as smart as his father,who is an outstanding chemist.A psychoanalyst would be most likely to suggest that Boris suffers from an unresolved


A) oral fixation.
B) free association.
C) Oedipus complex.
D) projection.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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