Question 1

Criminal justice research may generate special ethical questions, including the potential for _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   legal liability and physical harm
B)   undesirable responses
C)   illegal searches and discussions
D)   legal discussions leading to closer monitoringE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 2

Federal regulations on human subjects include special provisions for certain types of subjects. These subjects are called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   Special populations
B)   Juveniles
C)   Prisoners
D)   ElderlyE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

One of the most important potential ethical issue in social research addressed by the Federal regulations and IRB guidelines is the typical IRB requirement for dealing with the ethical principle of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   mandatory participation .
B)   assigned participation.
C)   involuntary participation.
D)   voluntary participation.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above D

Question 4

Criminal justice research has the potential to produce both physical and psychological harm, as well as embarrassment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A major tenet of medical research ethics is that experimental participation must be mandatory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Two main ways of promoting compliance with ethical principles are ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   Research staff and Executives.
B)   Research Personnel and Researchers themselves
C)   Consumer and Marketing research Boards.
D)   Codes of ethics and institutional review boardsE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Federal regulations and IRB guidelines address other potential ethical issues in social research. Foremost among these is the typical IRB requirement for dealing with the ethical principle of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   Mandatory participation
B)   Voluntary participation
C)   Assigned participation
D)   Experimental participationE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 8

Under HHS regulations, virtually all research that uses human subjects in any way, including simply asking people questions, is subject to ____________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Institutional Review Board Review.
B)   Institutional Review Committee Review.
C)   Governmental Review Panels' Review.
D)   Human subjects Review.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C) A

Question 9

Two ways to protect the privacy of research subjects are _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   Mandatory participation and informed consent
B)   Anonymity and confidentiality *
C)   Legal liability and personal harm
D)   Monetary rewards and participationE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Weighing the potential benefits from doing research against the possibility of harm to the people being studied-or harm to other people-is a fundamental ethical dilemma in all research.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 11

In most studies that involve juveniles, consent must be obtained _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   from juveniles
B)   from juveniles' parents or guardians
C)   both from parents or guardians and from the juvenile subjects themselves
D)   neither from juveniles' parents or guardiansThe correct answer isE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

The researcher can lessen the potential for harm to the participant when doing research by putting themselves in the line of danger.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

One of the two general purposes of the Institutional Review Boards is to determine that there are adequate safeguards regarding the safety, confidentiality, and

Accepted Answer

A)   of Institutional Review Committees
B)   of Institutional Review Boards
C)   of Governmental Review Agencies
D)   of human subjectsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Most scientists agree that research should not harm subjects unless they willingly and knowingly _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   try to harm the researchers
B)   attack the researchers
C)   accept the risks of harm
D)   prepare an agenda that specifies the potential harm.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 15

Institutional review boards (IRBs)  play an important role in ensuring that the rights and interests of human subjects are protected. But some social science researchers believe that IRBs are becoming too ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   restrictive.
B)   emotional.
C)   lenient.
D)   indifferent.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

The only research that may be exempt from IRB is the research that is conducted for educational purposes and studies that collect _________________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Special population information only.
B)   voluntary information only.
C)   involuntary information only.
D)   anonymous information only.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Juveniles' status as a special population of human subjects reflects the legal status of juveniles, as well as their _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   capacity to grant informed consent.
B)   capacity to hold trial.
C)   capacity to grant informed consent for their friends.
D)   capacity to grant informed consent on behalf of their parents.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

The potential for psychological harm to subjects exists when interviews are used to collect information.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Scientists agree that participation in research should, in general, be voluntary. This norm, however, can conflict with the ____________________________________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   personal need for generalizability
B)   group need for generalizability
C)   communal need for generalizability
D)   scientific need for generalizabilityE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Government agencies and nongovernment organizations including universities)  that conduct research involving human subjects must establish review committees. These committees are called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   Institutional Review Committees.
B)   Institutional Review Boards.
C)   Governmental Review Agencies.
D)   Nongovernment organizationsE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Exam 2: Section 2: Ethics and Criminal Justice Research

Criminal justice research may generate special ethical questions, including the potential for _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Federal regulations on human subjects include special provisions for certain types of subjects. These subjects are called _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the most important potential ethical issue in social research addressed by the Federal regulations and IRB guidelines is the typical IRB requirement for dealing with the ethical principle of _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Criminal justice research has the potential to produce both physical and psychological harm, as well as embarrassment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A major tenet of medical research ethics is that experimental participation must be mandatory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two main ways of promoting compliance with ethical principles are ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Federal regulations and IRB guidelines address other potential ethical issues in social research. Foremost among these is the typical IRB requirement for dealing with the ethical principle of _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Under HHS regulations, virtually all research that uses human subjects in any way, including simply asking people questions, is subject to ____________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Two ways to protect the privacy of research subjects are _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Weighing the potential benefits from doing research against the possibility of harm to the people being studied-or harm to other people-is a fundamental ethical dilemma in all research.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

In most studies that involve juveniles, consent must be obtained _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The researcher can lessen the potential for harm to the participant when doing research by putting themselves in the line of danger.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the two general purposes of the Institutional Review Boards is to determine that there are adequate safeguards regarding the safety, confidentiality, and

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most scientists agree that research should not harm subjects unless they willingly and knowingly _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Institutional review boards (IRBs) play an important role in ensuring that the rights and interests of human subjects are protected. But some social science researchers believe that IRBs are becoming too ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The only research that may be exempt from IRB is the research that is conducted for educational purposes and studies that collect _________________________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Juveniles' status as a special population of human subjects reflects the legal status of juveniles, as well as their _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The potential for psychological harm to subjects exists when interviews are used to collect information.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Scientists agree that participation in research should, in general, be voluntary. This norm, however, can conflict with the ____________________________________________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Government agencies and nongovernment organizations including universities) that conduct research involving human subjects must establish review committees. These committees are called _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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