Question 1

Edwin Sutherland stated that white-collar crime

Accepted Answer

A)  almost always leads to a criminal conviction.
B)  provokes a strong response from the community.
C)  is usually resolved in a civil rather than a criminal court.
D)  rarely involves serious harm to the public as a whole.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Travis Hirschi's control theory suggests that the category of people most likely to engage in deviance is

Accepted Answer

A)  students enrolled in college.
B)  teenagers on sports teams with after-school jobs.
C)  youngsters who "hang out" waiting for something to happen.
D)  young people with respect for their parents.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Every society tries to regulate the behavior of individuals; this general process is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  neighborhood watch
B)  self control
C)  social control
D)  the legal systemE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Assume you were listening to a lecture on Durkheim's approach to deviance.The focus of the lecture might be that

Accepted Answer

A)  deviance is a normal element of social organization.
B)  deviance is a dysfunctional element of social organization.
C)  deviance is less common in modern societies.
D)  deviance is defined by the rich and used against the poor.E) All of the above
F) None of the above A

Question 5

The United States is the only western,high-income nation that routinely imposes the death penalty on convicted offenders.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

"The recognized violation of cultural norms" refers to the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  deviance.
B)  crime.
C)  legal infraction.
D)  juvenile delinquency.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 7

Reducing prison overcrowding,the costs of dealing with offenders,and helping offenders avoid the stigma of incarceration are all advantages of

Accepted Answer

A)  societal protection.
B)  criminal recidivism.
C)  the death penalty.
D)  community-based corrections.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

A hate crime is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  any crime against a person who is a minority.
B)  any crime involving anger or other powerful emotion.
C)  a criminal act motivated by race or other bias.
D)  any violation of antidiscrimination laws.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 9

Probation and parole are two types of community-based corrections.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The concept "retrospective labeling" refers to the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  interpreting someone's past consistent with present deviance.
B)  defining someone as deviant for things done long before.
C)  criminal adults encouraging their children to become deviant.
D)  predicting someone's future based on past deviant acts..E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Walter Reckless and Simon Dinitz claimed that "good boys" have the ability to rein in deviant impulses.They called their analysis

Accepted Answer

A)  differential opportunity theory.
B)  containment theory.
C)  libido theory.
D)  differential association theory.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Victimization surveys show that the actual amount of crime in the United States is about _____ what official reports indicate.

Accepted Answer

A)  half as great as
B)  the same as
C)  more than twice as high as
D)  ten times greater thanE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 13

The stigma of deviance can encourage an individual to engage in further deviance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 14

Research suggests that,with regard to social class,arrest for serious crime

Accepted Answer

A)  is about the same for people of all class levels.
B)  is higher for people at higher class levels.
C)  is higher for people at in lower class levels.
D)  almost always involves middle-class people.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Organized crime refers to supplying legal goods and services at below market prices.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Cloward and Ohlin extended Merton's theory of deviance,stating that crime

Accepted Answer

A)  reflects both limited legitimate opportunity as well as accessible illegitimate opportunity.
B)  is more common among the rich who have more opportunity.
C)  is defined in such a way as to overly criminalize the poor.
D)  is typically a result of drug dependence or other substance addiction.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

According to the social-conflict approach,what a society labels as deviant is based primarily on

Accepted Answer

A)  how often the act occurs.
B)  the moral foundation of the culture.
C)  how harmful the act is to the public as a whole.
D)  differences in power between various categories of people.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Whether people respond to deviance as a moral issue or a medical matter affects

Accepted Answer

A)  whether a person is labeled retrospectively or projectively.
B)  whether the person is subject to punishment or treatment.
C)  whether the person's deviance is labeled as primary or secondary.
D)  whether or not the person gets the appropriate care.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

"Crime" differs from "deviance" in that crime

Accepted Answer

A)  is always more serious.
B)  is usually less serious.
C)  refers to a violation of norms enacted into law.
D)  involves a larger share of the population.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C) C

Question 20

The basic idea behind labeling theory is that

Accepted Answer

A)  deviance is actually useful in a number of ways.
B)  deviance arises not so much from what people do as how others respond to what they do.
C)  power has much to do with how a society defines deviance.
D)  deviance is actually a myth.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Exam 9: Deviance

Edwin Sutherland stated that white-collar crime

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Travis Hirschi's control theory suggests that the category of people most likely to engage in deviance is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Every society tries to regulate the behavior of individuals; this general process is called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Assume you were listening to a lecture on Durkheim's approach to deviance.The focus of the lecture might be that

Correct AnswerverifiedA

The United States is the only western,high-income nation that routinely imposes the death penalty on convicted offenders.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"The recognized violation of cultural norms" refers to the concept of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reducing prison overcrowding,the costs of dealing with offenders,and helping offenders avoid the stigma of incarceration are all advantages of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A hate crime is defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Probation and parole are two types of community-based corrections.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The concept "retrospective labeling" refers to the process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Walter Reckless and Simon Dinitz claimed that "good boys" have the ability to rein in deviant impulses.They called their analysis

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Victimization surveys show that the actual amount of crime in the United States is about _____ what official reports indicate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The stigma of deviance can encourage an individual to engage in further deviance.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

Research suggests that,with regard to social class,arrest for serious crime

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Organized crime refers to supplying legal goods and services at below market prices.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cloward and Ohlin extended Merton's theory of deviance,stating that crime

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the social-conflict approach,what a society labels as deviant is based primarily on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Whether people respond to deviance as a moral issue or a medical matter affects

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Crime" differs from "deviance" in that crime

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The basic idea behind labeling theory is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

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True

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C

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