Question 1

A philosophe may be defined as an individual who was a[n]:

Accepted Answer

A)  free thinker.
B)  trained philosopher.
C)  ordained cleric.
D)  member of the nobility.
E)  philosopher by avocation.F) C) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 2

The first daily newspaper was printed in London.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

How did the Enlightenment affect the lower classes of Europe?

Accepted Answer

For the most part,the lower classes of E...

Question 4

Voltaire's attitude toward injustice,fanaticism,and intolerance was solidified due to a murder case tried in 1762;the defendant in the case was:

Accepted Answer

A)  Jean Le Rond.
B)  François Arouet.
C)  Jean Calas.
D)  Cesare Beccaria.
E)  Giovanni Vico.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C) C

Question 5

Although the majority of the philosophes held relatively disparaging views of Judaism,_________,a German philosopher,was a notable exception.

Accepted Answer

A)  Felix Mendelssohn
B)  Gotthold Lessing
C)  Alexander von Humboldt
D)  Immanuel Kant
E)  Paul Henri d'HolbachF) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 6

The Enlightenment battle cry of "Écrasez l'infâme" best represents the ideas of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Denis Diderot.
B)  Immanuel Kant.
C)  Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
D)  François Marie Arouet (Voltaire) .
E)  John Locke.F) B) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 7

The "invisible hand" of Adam Smith's theory could best guide economic activity because:

Accepted Answer

A)  state-owned manufacturing signified the wealth of a nation.
B)  it controlled middle-class entrepreneurs with legislative restrictions on trade.
C)  it made all mercantilist interests legitimate functions of government.
D)  all humans are rational and are the best judges of their own interests.
E)  Smith believed that economics was controlled by something beyond human understanding.F) B) and C)
G) A) and C)

Question 8

While many philosophes were against slaver,none was interested in addressing the issue of gender inequity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In 18th century Britain,the fastest growing segment of the economy was:

Accepted Answer

A)  agriculture.
B)  manufacturing.
C)  shipping.
D)  mining.
E)  service sector.F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 10

The life and career of Cesare Beccaria was dedicated to the idea that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the only legitimate rationale for punishment was to maintain the social order.
B)  the philosophes should become,following Plato,the rulers of the world.
C)  the philosophes were atheists and should be persecuted as heretics.
D)  human progress would result from a completely new scientific method.
E)  the laws ought to be reformed to protect middle-class private property.F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 11

For Rousseau,___________ was the source of inequity in society and the corruptor of the social contract:

Accepted Answer

A)  religion.
B)  marriage.
C)  private property.
D)  government.
E)  war.F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 12

Even with the literacy rate that Europe enjoyed,formal schooling remained an unattained goal.For example,by the end of the eighteenth century in Russia,only _________ out of a population of 40 million had attended any kind of school.

Accepted Answer

A)  12,000
B)  22,000
C)  32,000
D)  42,000
E)  62,000F) A) and D)
G) A) and C) B

Question 13

In general,the philosophes considered Judaism and Islam:

Accepted Answer

A)  as religions in need of rational reform.
B)  to be enlightened partners in human progress.
C)  superstitious and backward religions.
D)  the objects of necessary persecutions.
E)  the equal of Christianity as all were religions "of the Book."F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 14

Of the few Enlightenment thinkers who were atheists,the most famous was:

Accepted Answer

A)  Voltaire.
B)  Moses Mendelssohn.
C)  Gotthold Lessing.
D)  Baron de Montesquieu.
E)  Paul Henri d'Holbach.F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 15

John Locke is best known today as a political philosopher,but in the eighteenth century,he was better known for his studies of:

Accepted Answer

A)  thermodynamics.
B)  sociology.
C)  human knowledge.
D)  morals and ethics.
E)  medicine.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 16

Which of the following rulers did not attempt at least some enlightened reforms inspired by the philosophes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Maria-Theresa
B)  Catherine the Great
C)  Joseph II
D)  Louis XV
E)  Frederick the GreatF) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 17

According to Kant,humanity's self-imposed parental figure was:

Accepted Answer

A)  Catholic Church.
B)  science.
C)  reason.
D)  superstition.
E)  monarchies.F) A) and C)
G) A) and E) A

Question 18

Voltaire's reputation stemmed not from his philosophy,but from his effectiveness as an advocate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Although most Enlightenment thinkers did challenge certain central tenets of eighteenth-century culture and politics,a few held truly radical views.Among this radical group was:

Accepted Answer

A)  Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
B)  René Descartes.
C)  Edmund Burke.
D)  Maria Theresa.
E)  John LockeF) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 20

Which of the following statements concerning the Seven Years War is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The combined forces of Austria,France,and Russia conquered Prussia.
B)  The French defeated the British in India.
C)  The British defeated the French in North America,opening the way for England to become the world's greatest colonial power.
D)  It led to a permanent end to Europe's balance of power.
E)  The war was fought mainly on European soil.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Exam 8: Europe During the Enlightenment

A philosophe may be defined as an individual who was a[n]:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first daily newspaper was printed in London.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How did the Enlightenment affect the lower classes of Europe?

Correct AnswerverifiedFor the most part,the lower classes of E...View AnswerShow Answer

Voltaire's attitude toward injustice,fanaticism,and intolerance was solidified due to a murder case tried in 1762;the defendant in the case was:

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Although the majority of the philosophes held relatively disparaging views of Judaism,_________,a German philosopher,was a notable exception.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Enlightenment battle cry of "Écrasez l'infâme" best represents the ideas of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The "invisible hand" of Adam Smith's theory could best guide economic activity because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

While many philosophes were against slaver,none was interested in addressing the issue of gender inequity.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In 18th century Britain,the fastest growing segment of the economy was:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The life and career of Cesare Beccaria was dedicated to the idea that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For Rousseau,___________ was the source of inequity in society and the corruptor of the social contract:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Even with the literacy rate that Europe enjoyed,formal schooling remained an unattained goal.For example,by the end of the eighteenth century in Russia,only _________ out of a population of 40 million had attended any kind of school.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

In general,the philosophes considered Judaism and Islam:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of the few Enlightenment thinkers who were atheists,the most famous was:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

John Locke is best known today as a political philosopher,but in the eighteenth century,he was better known for his studies of:

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Which of the following rulers did not attempt at least some enlightened reforms inspired by the philosophes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Kant,humanity's self-imposed parental figure was:

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Voltaire's reputation stemmed not from his philosophy,but from his effectiveness as an advocate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although most Enlightenment thinkers did challenge certain central tenets of eighteenth-century culture and politics,a few held truly radical views.Among this radical group was:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements concerning the Seven Years War is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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For the most part,the lower classes of E...
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C

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B

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A

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