Question 1

Andre's teacher organizes activities that are competitive, so that students who are high achievers get most of the rewards. Andre's classroom would be considered to be an example of the philosophy advanced in:

Accepted Answer

A)   classrooms that ban corporal punishment
B)   collectivist societies
C)   classrooms with female teachers
D)   individualistic societiesE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 2

According to Urie Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model of development, the customs and traditions that are common to one's culture would most likely be considered a part of that person's ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   microsystem
B)   macrosystem
C)   mesosystem
D)   exosystemE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

If a researcher combined the method used in a cross-sectional design with that used in a longitudinal design, the result would be called:

Accepted Answer

A)   an experiment
B)   a mixed design
C)   a correlational design
D)   a sequential-cohort designE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Darwin's idea of "survival of the fittest" is also referred to as the theory of:

Accepted Answer

A)   natural selection
B)   social learning
C)   social success
D)   biological changeE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true regarding the corporal punishment of children?

Accepted Answer

A)   About 80% of parents spank their children at least occasionally.
B)   The use of corporal punishment has been banned in all public schools in the U.S., although private schools are allowed to determine their own rules for punishment
C)   Except for the U.S., no other industrialized countries have banned corporal punishment in the public schools.
D)   All of the three statements provided as answers in this question are true.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Suppose that Dr. Jones reads about a new study with an interesting result. She decides to repeat the study in her own lab to see if she gets the same result. In this case, Dr. Jones's study would best be considered a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   validation study
B)   correlational study
C)   replication
D)   independent studyE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Which of the following refers to the basic developmental process in the individual that changes as a result of experience or practice?

Accepted Answer

A)   maturation
B)   growth
C)   learning
D)   agingE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

A researcher obtains individuals' permission before randomly assigning them to the treatment or the control group. She is complying with the basic ethical principle regarding:

Accepted Answer

A)   freedom from harm
B)   informed consent
C)   use of deception
D)   maintenance of privacyE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Which of the following is of highest value in a collectivist culture?

Accepted Answer

A)   interdependence
B)   competition
C)   individuality
D)   personal achievementE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

In contrast to earlier previous times, by the end of the Middle Ages, attitudes about children in Western societies had:

Accepted Answer

A)   changed for the worse - children were viewed primarily as burdens on the family
B)   changed for the better - children came to be viewed as experiencing a period of innocence
C)   changed for the worse - children were viewed as miniature adults with adult responsibilities
D)   changed for the better - children's opinions were given much broader responsibilities and had greater obligations for helping the familyE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 11

A researcher obtains individuals' permission before randomly assigning them to the treatment or the control group. She is complying with the basic ethical principle regarding:

Accepted Answer

A)   freedom from harm
B)   informed consent
C)   use of deception
D)   maintenance of privacyE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

If you were to explain a particular behavior as being learned according to Vygotsky's social-cognitive learning theory, you would most likely emphasize which of the following in your explanation of that behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   how children learn from other people
B)   how reinforcement shapes behavior
C)   how punishment shapes behavior
D)   how toilet training affects later personality developmentE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Freud viewed this part of the mind as involving a person's impulsive tendencies

Accepted Answer

A)   id
B)   ego
C)   superego
D)   pleasure centerE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Which research design tests groups of subjects of different ages, all at the same time?

Accepted Answer

A)   cross-sectional design
B)   longitudinal design
C)   sequential design
D)   age cohort designE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Which of the following theorists placed the greatest emphasis on developmental events that occur early in life, especially during the first five years?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sigmund Freud
B)   Erik Erikson
C)   Jean Piaget
D)   B. F. SkinnerE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Four-year-old Sasha watches carefully how her older brother unlocks the chest where her mother hides special toys. After her brother locks the chest and leaves, Sasha is able to remember the steps he used and she now unlocks the chest. Sasha's method of learning is best thought of as an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   operant conditioning
B)   classical conditioning
C)   social learning
D)   fixationE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 17

During the phallic stage

Accepted Answer

A)   anus
B)   mouth
C)   genitals
D)   handsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

A researcher studies a group of 1-year-olds, 4-year-olds, and 7-year-olds for one day, and compares the different age groups in terms of their independence. What research design is the researcher using?

Accepted Answer

A)   longitudinal
B)   cross-sectional
C)   sequential-cohort
D)   age cohortE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

According to Freud, children at this stage of development repress sexual interests and instead focus on developing cognitive and interpersonal skills:

Accepted Answer

A)   genital
B)   latency
C)   phallic
D)   analE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 20

In Dr. Arnold's developmental psychology class, she chooses to organize the course chronologically. This means that:

Accepted Answer

A)   the easiest concepts are presented first, followed by harder concepts
B)   students are given as much time as they need to master the basic concepts covered in the course
C)   the course begins with prenatal development, then proceeds to cover each age-related developmental period as it unfolds through the lifespan
D)   she intends to cover the major topics in development one at a time, for example, brain development, cognitive development, social development, and so forthE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Exam 1: Understanding Human Development

Andre's teacher organizes activities that are competitive, so that students who are high achievers get most of the rewards. Andre's classroom would be considered to be an example of the philosophy advanced in:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher obtains individuals' permission before randomly assigning them to the treatment or the control group. She is complying with the basic ethical principle regarding:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following refers to the basic developmental process in the individual that changes as a result of experience or practice?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which research design tests groups of subjects of different ages, all at the same time?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a researcher combined the method used in a cross-sectional design with that used in a longitudinal design, the result would be called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true regarding the corporal punishment of children?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Freud, children at this stage of development repress sexual interests and instead focus on developing cognitive and interpersonal skills:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Urie Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model of development, the customs and traditions that are common to one's culture would most likely be considered a part of that person's ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Four-year-old Sasha watches carefully how her older brother unlocks the chest where her mother hides special toys. After her brother locks the chest and leaves, Sasha is able to remember the steps he used and she now unlocks the chest. Sasha's method of learning is best thought of as an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you were to explain a particular behavior as being learned according to Vygotsky's social-cognitive learning theory, you would most likely emphasize which of the following in your explanation of that behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following theorists placed the greatest emphasis on developmental events that occur early in life, especially during the first five years?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During the phallic stage

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher studies a group of 1-year-olds, 4-year-olds, and 7-year-olds for one day, and compares the different age groups in terms of their independence. What research design is the researcher using?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose that Dr. Jones reads about a new study with an interesting result. She decides to repeat the study in her own lab to see if she gets the same result. In this case, Dr. Jones's study would best be considered a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher obtains individuals' permission before randomly assigning them to the treatment or the control group. She is complying with the basic ethical principle regarding:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Dr. Arnold's developmental psychology class, she chooses to organize the course chronologically. This means that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In contrast to earlier previous times, by the end of the Middle Ages, attitudes about children in Western societies had:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is of highest value in a collectivist culture?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud viewed this part of the mind as involving a person's impulsive tendencies

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Darwin's idea of "survival of the fittest" is also referred to as the theory of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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