Question 1

Why did scientists originally hypothesize that proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin are secreted in inactive form?

Accepted Answer

A)   These proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesize them.
B)   They identified the hormone that activates pepsin and trypsin.
C)   The stomach is too acidic to maintain these enzymes in their active form.
D)   Pepsin and trypsin have never been isolated in their fully activated form.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Over-the-counter medications for acid reflux or heartburn block the production of stomach acid. Which of the following cells are directly affected by this medication?

Accepted Answer

A)   goblet cells
B)   chief cells
C)   parietal cells
D)   smooth muscle cellsE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 3

An example of antagonistic hormones controlling homeostasis is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   thyroxine and parathyroid hormone in calcium balance
B)   insulin and glucagon in glucose metabolism
C)   progestins and estrogens in sexual differentiation
D)   epinephrine and norepinephrine in fight-or-flight responses
E)   oxytocin and prolactin in milk productionF) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 4

Certain nutrients are considered "essential" in the diets of some animals because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   only those animals use those nutrients
B)   the nutrients are subunits of important polymers
C)   these animals are not able to synthesize these nutrients
D)   the nutrients are necessary coenzymes
E)   only certain foods contain themF) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 5

Because the foods eaten by animals are often composed largely of macromolecules, animals need to have mechanisms for ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   elimination
B)   water absorption
C)   enzymatic digestion
D)   regurgitation
E)   demineralizationF) C) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 6

The function of mechanical digestion is to break down large chunks of food into smaller pieces. Why is this important? Smaller pieces of food ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   do not taste as good as larger pieces of food
B)   have more surface area for chemical digestion than do larger pieces of food
C)   are easier to excrete than are larger pieces of food
D)   are more easily stored in the stomach than are larger pieces of foodE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 7

Important dietary minerals include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   lead
B)   calcium
C)   magnesium
D)   iron
E)   potassiumF) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 8

Hypoglycemia, or low levels of glucose in the blood of a healthy human, is "corrected" by a(n)  ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   increase in the secretion of insulin
B)   increase in the secretion of glucagon
C)   increase in the secretion of both insulin and glucagon
D)   decrease in the secretion of both insulin and glucagon
E)   increase in the secretion of thyroid hormonesF) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 9

Birds have an expanded region of the gut associated with the temporary storage of food, which is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   gastric cecae
B)   larynx
C)   crop
D)   pharynx
E)   epiglottisF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 10

The absorption of fats differs from that of carbohydrates in that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the processing of fats does not require any digestive enzymes, whereas the processing of carbohydrates does
B)   fat absorption primarily occurs in the stomach, whereas carbohydrates are absorbed from the small intestine
C)   carbohydrates need to be emulsified before they can be digested, whereas fats do not
D)   most absorbed fat first enters the lymphatic system, whereas carbohydrates directly enter the blood
E)   fats, but not carbohydrates, are digested by bacteria before absorptionF) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 11

Which of the following organs is correctly paired with its function?

Accepted Answer

A)   stomach-protein digestion
B)   oral cavity-fat absorption
C)   large intestine-bile production
D)   small intestine-starch digestion
E)   pancreas-starch digestionF) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 12

Constipation occurs when feces become overhardened. It can result from the consumption of a substance that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   contains plenty of fiber
B)   promotes water reabsorption in the large intestine
C)   speeds up movement of material in the large intestine
D)   decreases water reabsorption in the small intestine
E)   stimulates peristalsisF) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 13

After ingestion by humans, which macromolecule(s)  begin(s)  chemical digestion by enzymes in the mouth?
I. protein
II. fat
III. nucleic acids
IV. carbohydrates

Accepted Answer

A)   I
B)   II and IV
C)   I, II, and III
D)   IV
E)   I and IVF) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 14

What can the mouthparts of an animal tell you about its diet?

Accepted Answer

A)   Mouthparts provide clues about the specific foods an animal pursues.
B)   Mouthparts provide clues about the type of digestion that goes on in the stomach.
C)   Mouthparts provide clues about the rate of nutrient absorption.
D)   Mouthparts of all animals are designed to reduce the size of the food particles ingested.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Cattle are able to survive on a diet consisting almost entirely of plant material because cattle ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   are autotrophic
B)   re-ingest their feces
C)   manufacture all fifteen amino acids out of sugars in the liver
D)   saliva has enzymes capable of digesting cellulose
E)   have cellulose-digesting, symbiotic microorganisms in chambers of their stomachsF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 16

Refer to the following nutrition label to answer the question(s)  below.
-Based on the label shown, if a person consumes 2000 calories daily to maintain body weight, what percentage of the RDA for iron would this person receive from a serving of apple juice?

Accepted Answer

A)   20%
B)   less than 20%
C)   more than 20%D) A) and B)
E) A) and C)

Question 17

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterial organism that causes ulcers and digestive disturbances. How might these organisms survive the acid pH of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

A)   They secrete buffers to neutralize acid.
B)   They live under the mucus layer that covers the stomach epithelium.
C)   They take over the parietal cells.
D)   They release chemicals that decrease acid production in the stomach.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

The mammalian trachea and esophagus both connect to the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   large intestine
B)   stomach
C)   pharynx
D)   rectum
E)   epiglottisF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 19

To maintain adequate nutrition, animals require dietary access to certain amino acids. An amino acid that is NOT "essential" would be best described as one that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   can be made by the animal's body from other substances
B)   is not used by the animal in biosynthesis
C)   must be ingested in the diet
D)   is not readily absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract
E)   is not found in many proteinsF) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 20

An example of an enzyme with high activity in an acidic environment is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   amylase
B)   pepsin
C)   gastrin
D)   trypsin
E)   sucroseF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Exam 41: Animal Nutrition

An example of an enzyme with high activity in an acidic environment is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Certain nutrients are considered "essential" in the diets of some animals because ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why did scientists originally hypothesize that proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin are secreted in inactive form?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What can the mouthparts of an animal tell you about its diet?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because the foods eaten by animals are often composed largely of macromolecules, animals need to have mechanisms for ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Birds have an expanded region of the gut associated with the temporary storage of food, which is called the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To maintain adequate nutrition, animals require dietary access to certain amino acids. An amino acid that is NOT "essential" would be best described as one that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The absorption of fats differs from that of carbohydrates in that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Important dietary minerals include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cattle are able to survive on a diet consisting almost entirely of plant material because cattle ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hypoglycemia, or low levels of glucose in the blood of a healthy human, is "corrected" by a(n) ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An example of antagonistic hormones controlling homeostasis is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Refer to the following nutrition label to answer the question(s) below. -Based on the label shown, if a person consumes 2000 calories daily to maintain body weight, what percentage of the RDA for iron would this person receive from a serving of apple juice?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After ingestion by humans, which macromolecule(s) begin(s) chemical digestion by enzymes in the mouth? I. protein II. fat III. nucleic acids IV. carbohydrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Over-the-counter medications for acid reflux or heartburn block the production of stomach acid. Which of the following cells are directly affected by this medication?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The mammalian trachea and esophagus both connect to the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following organs is correctly paired with its function?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterial organism that causes ulcers and digestive disturbances. How might these organisms survive the acid pH of the stomach?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Constipation occurs when feces become overhardened. It can result from the consumption of a substance that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The function of mechanical digestion is to break down large chunks of food into smaller pieces. Why is this important? Smaller pieces of food ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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