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Craik and Lockhart's model of memory states that how long a memory will be remembered depends on __________.


A) the type of memory it is stored in
B) the place in the brain where the memory is stored
C) the amount of extinction that the memory has suffered
D) the depth of processing associated with learning the materials

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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In the partial report method of Sperling's study of sensory memory,the participants were to report __________.


A) one of three lines of letters as indicated by the sound of a tone immediately presented after the letters had disappeared
B) only one or two of the letters in the cued line
C) the first letter of each line only
D) the middle letter of each line

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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If one wanted to use the best method to get storage in long-term memory,one would use ______________.


A) maintenance rehearsal
B) rote rehearsal
C) elaborative rehearsal
D) sleep learning

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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C

In the parallel distributed processing model of memory,__________.


A) information is simultaneously stored in a network that stretches across the brain
B) information is stored simultaneously in unconnected regions of the brain
C) information is associated in sets of classically conditioned neurons across the neocortex
D) None of these are

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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A

Which part(s)of a serial list is/are remembered most poorly? Which part(s)is/are remembered the best?

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People with dementia typically have a memory problem known as ____________.


A) amygdaloid amnesia
B) inferograde amnesia
C) retrograde amnesia
D) anterograde amnesia

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following might be the most appropriate analogy for eidetic imagery?


A) a table
B) a modem
C) a rainbow
D) a photograph

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Which model of memory proposes that the deeper a person processes information,the better it will be remembered?


A) levels-of-processing model
B) parallel distributed processing model
C) information-processing model
D) three stage

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Iconic memory allows us to remember the beginnings of sentences long enough to have meaningful conversations.

A) True
B) False

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The case of Father Bernard Pagano,who was identified by seven eyewitnesses as a criminal,was an instance of a ____________.


A) tip-of-the-tongue effect
B) retrieval failure
C) primacy effect
D) false positive

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The three parts of the information-processing model of memory are __________.


A) sensory memory,short-term memory,and long-term memory
B) CS,UCS,UR,and CR
C) encoding,storage,and retrieval
D) shallow,medium,and deep processing

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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In the levels-of-processing model of memory,information that gets processed at a __________level (such as accessing the meaning of a word or phrase) is more likely to be retained longer and form a stronger memory than information that is processed at a __________level (such as the visual characteristics of a word) .


A) deeper;shallower
B) shallower;deeper
C) higher;lower
D) lower;higher

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The processes of encoding,storage,and retrieval are seen as part of the __________model of memory.


A) information processing
B) top-down storage
C) classical conditioning
D) Tolman's cognitive

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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The duration of iconic memory is _______ than echoic memory,but iconic's capacity is probably ________.


A) shorter;larger
B) longer;larger
C) longer;about the same
D) shorter;about the same

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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A

Researchers have identified the cause of Alzheimer's disease as a decrease in the tangles of gamma-amyloid protein deposits in the brain

A) True
B) False

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Shalissa has two exams today.One is in French and the other is in history.Last night she studied French before history.When she gets to her history test,all she can remember is French! Shalissa's memory is suffering from _____________.


A) cue-dependent forgetting
B) proactive interference
C) decay
D) retroactive interference

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following examples represents deep processing as described by Craik and Lockhart?


A) repeating a word aloud ten times
B) attending to the sound of a word
C) thinking about the meaning of a word
D) looking at the shapes of the letters in a word

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Short-term memories appear to be localized in the _________________.


A) occipital lobe
B) cingulate gyrus
C) amygdala
D) prefrontal lobes

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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When someone looks at an image,the retina turns the light rays from it into neural messages that go up to the optic nerve so the brain can interpret them.This process is called __________.


A) encoding
B) storage
C) retrieval
D) evaluation

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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Janie is taking an exam in her history class.On the exam there is a question that asks her to state and discuss the five major causes of the Trans-Caspian War (whatever that was!) .Janie remembers four of them.She knows there is a fifth,but time is u


A) encoding
B) storage
C) retrieval
D) evaluation

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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