Question 1

When a cell uses chemical energy to perform work, it uses the energy released from a(n)  ________ reaction to drive a(n)  ________ reaction.

Accepted Answer

A)   exergonic; endergonic
B)   endergonic; exergonic
C)   exergonic; spontaneous
D)   spontaneous; exergonicE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

ATP can be used as the cell's energy exchange mechanism because

Accepted Answer

A)   endergonic reactions can be fueled by coupling them with the formation of ATP from ADP.
B)   ATP is the most energy-rich small molecule in the cell.
C)   endergonic reactions can be fueled by coupling them with the hydrolysis of high-energy phosphate bonds in ATP.
D)   ATP is a disposable form of chemical energy, used once and then discarded by the cell.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true for all types of passive transport?

Accepted Answer

A)   Proteins are needed to transport molecules across the membrane.
B)   The concentration gradient is the driving force.
C)   Only small polar molecules are able to cross the plasma membrane.
D)   Ions never cross the plasma membrane by passive transport.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

You are adrift in the Atlantic Ocean and, being thirsty, drink the surrounding seawater. As a result

Accepted Answer

A)   you quench your thirst.
B)   your cells become turgid.
C)   you dehydrate yourself.
D)   your cells lyse from excessive water intake.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Americans spend up to $100 billion annually for bottled water (41 billion gallons) . The only beverages with higher sales are carbonated soft drinks. Recent news stories have highlighted the fact that most bottled water comes from municipal water supplies (the same source as your tap water) , although it may undergo an extra purification step called reverse osmosis.
Imagine two tanks that are separated by a membrane that is permeable to water, but not to the dissolved minerals present in the water. Tank A contains tap water and tank B contains the purified water. In the reverse osmosis process, pressure is applied to the tap water tank to force the water molecules across the membrane into the pure water tank.
-After the reverse osmosis system has been operating for 30 minutes, the solution in tank A would

Accepted Answer

A)   be hypotonic to tank B.
B)   be isotonic to tank B.
C)   be hypertonic to tank B.D) A) and C)
E) A) and B)

Question 6

A child is brought to the hospital with a fever of 107°F. Doctors immediately order an ice bath to lower the child's temperature. Which of the following statements offers the most logical explanation for this action?

Accepted Answer

A)   Elevated body temperature will increase reaction rates in the child's cells and overload the limited number of enzymes found in the cell.
B)   Elevated body temperatures may denature enzymes. This would interfere with the cell's abilities to catalyze various reactions.
C)   Elevated body temperatures will increase the energy of activation needed to start various chemical reactions in the body. This will interfere with the ability of enzymes to catalyze vital chemical reactions.
D)   Elevated body temperatures cause molecules to vibrate more quickly and prevent enzymes from easily attaching to reactants. This would slow vital body reactions.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 7

A plant cell in a hypotonic solution

Accepted Answer

A)   becomes turgid because of an inflow of water.
B)   bursts because of an inflow of water.
C)   shrivels because of an outflow of water.
D)   wilts because of an outflow of water.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as consisting of

Accepted Answer

A)   a phospholipid bilayer with embedded carbohydrates.
B)   two layers of phospholipids with cholesterol sandwiched between them.
C)   carbohydrates and phospholipids that can drift in the membrane.
D)   diverse proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

If you were working for a pharmaceutical company as part of a drug discovery team, which of these enzyme inhibitors would you suggest as a productive avenue for drug development?

Accepted Answer

A)   a drug to treat high blood pressure that reversibly inhibits an enzyme catalyzing production of a chemical that causes blood vessels to contract
B)   a drug to treat diabetes that irreversibly inhibits an enzyme in the metabolic pathway to synthesize glucose
C)   a compound that acts as a competitive inhibitor for a digestive enzyme produced only in the presence of certain foods
D)   a compound that inhibits enzymes by significantly changing the pH throughout the bodyE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Which of the following statements regarding membrane function is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   The plasma membrane forms a selective barrier around the cell.
B)   The plasma membrane plays a role in transferring signals to the cell's interior.
C)   The plasma membrane has receptors for chemical messages.
D)   The plasma membrane is the control center of the cell.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

If you shut off the system and pressure was no longer applied to tank A, you would expect the

Accepted Answer

A)   net flow of water to be from tank A to tank B.
B)   water to reverse net flow from tank B to tank A.
C)   water to flow in equal amounts in both directions.D) None of the above
E) All of the above

Question 12

Oxygen crosses a plasma membrane by

Accepted Answer

A)   osmosis.
B)   active transport.
C)   endocytosis.
D)   passive transport.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Water that is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys is returned to the body through the action of aquaporins. Which of the following statements about water balance disorders is scientifically accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)   People with heart failure often swell due to too much water from excess numbers of aquaporins.
B)   Water retention (too much water)  in pregnancy can be due to a decreased number of aquaporins.
C)   Kidney failure and decreased urine production are due to increased numbers of aquaporins.
D)   Small amounts of urine are produced by people who inherit a defect in the ability to make aquaporins.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 14

Which of the following statements regarding thermodynamics is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   Thermodynamics is the study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter.
B)   A single cell or the planet Earth could be a thermodynamic system.
C)   An open system exchanges both energy and matter with its surroundings.
D)   An automobile engine is a closed system because it does not exchange energy and matter with its surroundings.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)  inhibit inflammation by inhibiting an enzyme in the prostaglandin pathway. However, inhibiting this enzyme also inhibits other pathways that protect the stomach from damage by stomach acid and that form blood clots. What can you conclude from this?

Accepted Answer

A)   The enzyme inhibition is nonreversible.
B)   The enzyme is found in many different types of cells.
C)   Prostaglandins cause blood clotting.
D)   Aspirin should not be given to people who people who need to synthesize enzymes.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 16

When two aqueous solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a semipermeable membrane and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will

Accepted Answer

A)   exhibit a net movement to the side with lower free water concentration.
B)   exhibit a net movement to the side with higher free water concentration.
C)   exhibit a net movement to the side with lower solute concentration.
D)   exhibit an equal movement in both directions across the membrane.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Which of the following is a typical feature of an ATP-driven active transport mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)   The transport protein must cross to the correct side of the membrane before the solute can bind to it.
B)   The transport protein is irreversibly phosphorylated as transport takes place.
C)   The transport protein catalyzes the conversion of ADP to ATP.
D)   The solute moves against the concentration gradient.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 18

White blood cells (WBCs)  are more resistant to lysis than red blood cells (RBCs) . When looking at a sample of blood for WBCs, what could you do to reduce interference from RBCs?

Accepted Answer

A)   Mix the blood in a salty solution to cause the RBCs to lyse.
B)   Mix the blood in an isotonic solution and allow the WBCs to float to the top.
C)   Mix the blood in a hypotonic solution, which will cause the RBCs to lyse.
D)   Mix the blood in a hypertonic solution, which will cause the RBCs to lyse.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 19

Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that

Accepted Answer

A)   anything can pass into or out of a cell as long as the membrane is intact and the cell is healthy.
B)   the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others.
C)   glucose cannot enter the cell.
D)   plasma membranes must be very thick.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

A steer must eat at least 100 pounds of grain to gain less than 10 pounds of muscle tissue. This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   the first law of thermodynamics.
B)   the second law of thermodynamics.
C)   that some energy is destroyed in every energy conversion.
D)   that energy transformations are typically 100% efficient.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Exam 5: The Working Cell

The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as consisting of

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements regarding membrane function is false?

Correct Answer
verified

A steer must eat at least 100 pounds of grain to gain less than 10 pounds of muscle tissue. This illustrates

Correct Answer
verified

Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements is true for all types of passive transport?

Correct Answer
verified

If you shut off the system and pressure was no longer applied to tank A, you would expect the

Correct Answer
verified

If you were working for a pharmaceutical company as part of a drug discovery team, which of these enzyme inhibitors would you suggest as a productive avenue for drug development?

Correct Answer
verified

You are adrift in the Atlantic Ocean and, being thirsty, drink the surrounding seawater. As a result

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements regarding thermodynamics is false?

Correct Answer
verified

A child is brought to the hospital with a fever of 107°F. Doctors immediately order an ice bath to lower the child's temperature. Which of the following statements offers the most logical explanation for this action?

Correct Answer
verified

When a cell uses chemical energy to perform work, it uses the energy released from a(n) reaction to drive a(n) reaction.

Correct Answer
verified

A plant cell in a hypotonic solution

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

When two aqueous solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a semipermeable membrane and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will

Correct Answer
verified

Water that is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys is returned to the body through the action of aquaporins. Which of the following statements about water balance disorders is scientifically accurate?

Correct Answer
verified

White blood cells (WBCs) are more resistant to lysis than red blood cells (RBCs) . When looking at a sample of blood for WBCs, what could you do to reduce interference from RBCs?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is a typical feature of an ATP-driven active transport mechanism?

Correct Answer
verified

Oxygen crosses a plasma membrane by

Correct Answer
verified

ATP can be used as the cell's energy exchange mechanism because

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 5: The Working Cell

The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as consisting of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements regarding membrane function is false?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A steer must eat at least 100 pounds of grain to gain less than 10 pounds of muscle tissue. This illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true for all types of passive transport?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you shut off the system and pressure was no longer applied to tank A, you would expect the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you were working for a pharmaceutical company as part of a drug discovery team, which of these enzyme inhibitors would you suggest as a productive avenue for drug development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are adrift in the Atlantic Ocean and, being thirsty, drink the surrounding seawater. As a result

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements regarding thermodynamics is false?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A child is brought to the hospital with a fever of 107°F. Doctors immediately order an ice bath to lower the child's temperature. Which of the following statements offers the most logical explanation for this action?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a cell uses chemical energy to perform work, it uses the energy released from a(n) ________ reaction to drive a(n) ________ reaction.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A plant cell in a hypotonic solution

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When two aqueous solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a semipermeable membrane and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Water that is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys is returned to the body through the action of aquaporins. Which of the following statements about water balance disorders is scientifically accurate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

White blood cells (WBCs) are more resistant to lysis than red blood cells (RBCs) . When looking at a sample of blood for WBCs, what could you do to reduce interference from RBCs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a typical feature of an ATP-driven active transport mechanism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Oxygen crosses a plasma membrane by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

ATP can be used as the cell's energy exchange mechanism because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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When a cell uses chemical energy to perform work, it uses the energy released from a(n) reaction to drive a(n) reaction.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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