Question 1

Which of the following mutations is most likely to cause a phenotypic change?

Accepted Answer

A)   a duplication of all or most introns
B)   a large inversion whose ends are each in the same region between genes
C)   a nucleotide substitution in an exon coding for a transmembrane domain
D)   a single nucleotide deletion in an exon coding for an active site
E)   a frameshift mutation one codon away from the 3' end of the nontemplate strandF) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 2

Which of the following nucleotide triplets best represents a codon?

Accepted Answer

A)   a triplet separated spatially from other triplets
B)   a triplet that has no corresponding amino acid
C)   a triplet at the opposite end of tRNA from the attachment site of the amino acid
D)   a triplet in the same reading frame as an upstream AUG
E)   a sequence in tRNA at the 3' endF) A) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the significance of the TATA box in eukaryotic promoters?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is the recognition site for a specific transcription factor.
B)   It sets the reading frame of the mRNA.
C)   It prevents supercoiling of the DNA near the start site.
D)   It is the recognition site for ribosomal binding.
E)   Its significance has not yet been determined.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 4

The following questions refer to the simple metabolic pathway in Figure 14.1.
  Figure 14.1
-According to Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis, how many genes are necessary for this pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)   0
B)   1
C)   2
D)   3
E)   It cannot be determined from the pathway.F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 5

In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until

Accepted Answer

A)   the two DNA strands have completely separated and exposed the promoter.
B)   several transcription factors have bound to the promoter.
C)   the 5' caps are removed from the mRNA.
D)   the DNA introns are removed from the template.
E)   DNA nucleases have isolated the transcription unit.F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 6

The process of translation, whether in prokaryotes or eukaryotes, requires tRNAs, amino acids, ribosomal subunits, and which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   polypeptide factors plus ATP
B)   polypeptide factors plus GTP
C)   polymerases plus GTP
D)   SRP plus chaperones
E)   signal peptides plus release factorF) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

Which of the following DNA mutations is the most likely to be damaging to the protein it specifies?

Accepted Answer

A)   a base-pair deletion
B)   a codon substitution
C)   a substitution in the last base of a codon
D)   a codon deletion
E)   a point mutationF) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 8

When translating secretory or membrane proteins, ribosomes are directed to the ER membrane by

Accepted Answer

A)   a specific characteristic of the ribosome itself, which distinguishes free ribosomes from bound ribosomes.
B)   a signal-recognition particle that brings ribosomes to a receptor protein in the ER membrane.
C)   moving through a specialized channel of the nucleus.
D)   a chemical signal given off by the ER.
E)   a signal sequence of RNA that precedes the start codon of the message.F) None of the above
G) All of the above

Question 9

A part of the promoter, called the TATA box, is said to be highly conserved in evolution. Which of the following might this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)   The sequence evolves very rapidly.
B)   The sequence does not mutate.
C)   Any mutation in the sequence is selected against.
D)   The sequence is found in many but not all promoters.
E)   The sequence is transcribed at the start of every gene.F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 10

Which of the following experimental procedures is most likely to hasten mRNA degradation in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

A)   enzymatic lengthening of the poly-A tail
B)   removal of the 5' cap
C)   methylation of C nucleotides
D)   methylation of histones
E)   removal of one or more exonsF) D) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true about protein synthesis in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)   Extensive RNA processing is required before prokaryotic transcripts can be translated.
B)   Translation can begin while transcription is still in progress.
C)   Prokaryotic cells have complicated mechanisms for targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular organelles.
D)   Translation requires antibiotic activity.
E)   Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes require no initiation or elongation factors.F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Question 12

The following questions refer to the simple metabolic pathway in Figure 14.1.
  Figure 14.1
-If A, B, and C are all required for growth, a strain that is mutant for the gene-encoding enzyme A would be able to grow on which of the following media?

Accepted Answer

A)   minimal medium
B)   minimal medium supplemented with nutrient A only
C)   minimal medium supplemented with nutrient B only
D)   minimal medium supplemented with nutrient C only
E)   minimal medium supplemented with nutrients A and CF) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 13

The nitrogenous base adenine is found in all members of which group?

Accepted Answer

A)   proteins, triglycerides, and testosterone
B)   proteins, ATP, and DNA
C)   ATP, RNA, and DNA
D)   α glucose, ATP, and DNA
E)   proteins, carbohydrates, and ATPF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 14

In order for a eukaryotic gene to be engineered into a bacterial colony to be expressed, what must be included in addition to the coding exons of the gene?

Accepted Answer

A)   the introns
B)   eukaryotic polymerases
C)   a bacterial promoter sequence
D)   eukaryotic ribosomal subunits
E)   eukaryotic tRNAsF) None of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 15

Which of the following statements best describes the termination of transcription in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)   RNA polymerase transcribes through the polyadenylation signal, causing proteins to associate with the transcript and cut it free from the polymerase.
B)   RNA polymerase transcribes through the terminator sequence, causing the polymerase to separate from the DNA and release the transcript.
C)   RNA polymerase transcribes through an intron, and the snRNPs cause the polymerase to let go of the transcript.
D)   Once transcription has initiated, RNA polymerase transcribes until it reaches the end of the chromosome.
E)   RNA polymerase transcribes through a stop codon, causing the polymerase to stop advancing through the gene and release the mRNA.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 16

Use the following model of a eukaryotic transcript to answer the next few questions.
5' UTR E1 I1 E2 I2 E3 I3 E4 UTR 3'
-When the spliceosome binds to elements of this structure, where can it attach?

Accepted Answer

A)   to the exons
B)   to the 5' UTR
C)   to the 3' UTR
D)   to an adjacent intron and exon
E)   to the end of an intronF) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 17

In the 1920s, Muller discovered that X-rays caused mutation in Drosophila. In a related series of experiments in the 1940s, Charlotte Auerbach discovered that chemicals-she used nitrogen mustards-have a similar effect. A new chemical food additive is developed by a cereal manufacturer. Why do we test for its ability to induce mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)   We worry that it might cause mutation in cereal grain plants.
B)   We want to make sure that it does not emit radiation.
C)   We want to be sure that it increases the rate of mutation sufficiently.
D)   We want to prevent any increase in mutation frequency.
E)   We worry about its ability to cause infection.F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 18

During splicing, which molecular component of the spliceosome catalyzes the excision reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)   protein
B)   DNA
C)   RNA
D)   lipid
E)   sugarF) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 19

Which small-scale mutation would be most likely to have a catastrophic effect on the functioning of a protein?

Accepted Answer

A)   a base substitution
B)   a base deletion near the start of a gene
C)   a base deletion near the end of the coding sequence, but not in the terminator codon
D)   deletion of three bases near the start of the coding sequence, but not in the initiator codon
E)   a base insertion near the end of the coding sequence, but not in the terminator codonF) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 20

Alternative RNA splicing

Accepted Answer

A)   is a mechanism for increasing the rate of transcription.
B)   can allow the production of proteins of different sizes and functions from a single mRNA.
C)   can allow the production of similar proteins from different RNAs.
D)   increases the rate of transcription.
E)   is due to the presence or absence of particular snRNPs.F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

Exam 14: Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Which of the following DNA mutations is the most likely to be damaging to the protein it specifies?

Correct Answer
verified

Use the following model of a eukaryotic transcript to answer the next few questions. 5' UTR E1 I1 E2 I2 E3 I3 E4 UTR 3' -When the spliceosome binds to elements of this structure, where can it attach?

Correct Answer
verified

During splicing, which molecular component of the spliceosome catalyzes the excision reaction?

Correct Answer
verified

The following questions refer to the simple metabolic pathway in Figure 14.1. Figure 14.1 -According to Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis, how many genes are necessary for this pathway?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following best describes the significance of the TATA box in eukaryotic promoters?

Correct Answer
verified

A part of the promoter, called the TATA box, is said to be highly conserved in evolution. Which of the following might this illustrate?

Correct Answer
verified

In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following nucleotide triplets best represents a codon?

Correct Answer
verified

In order for a eukaryotic gene to be engineered into a bacterial colony to be expressed, what must be included in addition to the coding exons of the gene?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following experimental procedures is most likely to hasten mRNA degradation in a eukaryotic cell?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements best describes the termination of transcription in prokaryotes?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The process of translation, whether in prokaryotes or eukaryotes, requires tRNAs, amino acids, ribosomal subunits, and which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following mutations is most likely to cause a phenotypic change?

Correct Answer
verified

The following questions refer to the simple metabolic pathway in Figure 14.1. Figure 14.1 -If A, B, and C are all required for growth, a strain that is mutant for the gene-encoding enzyme A would be able to grow on which of the following media?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements is true about protein synthesis in prokaryotes?

Correct Answer
verified

The nitrogenous base adenine is found in all members of which group?

Correct Answer
verified

Which small-scale mutation would be most likely to have a catastrophic effect on the functioning of a protein?

Correct Answer
verified

When translating secretory or membrane proteins, ribosomes are directed to the ER membrane by

Correct Answer
verified

Alternative RNA splicing

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 14: Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Which of the following DNA mutations is the most likely to be damaging to the protein it specifies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use the following model of a eukaryotic transcript to answer the next few questions. 5' UTR E1 I1 E2 I2 E3 I3 E4 UTR 3' -When the spliceosome binds to elements of this structure, where can it attach?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During splicing, which molecular component of the spliceosome catalyzes the excision reaction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The following questions refer to the simple metabolic pathway in Figure 14.1. Figure 14.1 -According to Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis, how many genes are necessary for this pathway?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best describes the significance of the TATA box in eukaryotic promoters?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A part of the promoter, called the TATA box, is said to be highly conserved in evolution. Which of the following might this illustrate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following nucleotide triplets best represents a codon?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In order for a eukaryotic gene to be engineered into a bacterial colony to be expressed, what must be included in addition to the coding exons of the gene?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following experimental procedures is most likely to hasten mRNA degradation in a eukaryotic cell?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements best describes the termination of transcription in prokaryotes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process of translation, whether in prokaryotes or eukaryotes, requires tRNAs, amino acids, ribosomal subunits, and which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following mutations is most likely to cause a phenotypic change?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The following questions refer to the simple metabolic pathway in Figure 14.1. Figure 14.1 -If A, B, and C are all required for growth, a strain that is mutant for the gene-encoding enzyme A would be able to grow on which of the following media?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true about protein synthesis in prokaryotes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The nitrogenous base adenine is found in all members of which group?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which small-scale mutation would be most likely to have a catastrophic effect on the functioning of a protein?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When translating secretory or membrane proteins, ribosomes are directed to the ER membrane by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alternative RNA splicing

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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