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Exam 12: Middle Childhood: Cognitive Development

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Question 31

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Which statement is true?

A) School-age children are able to understand complex, abstract concepts.
B) School-age children are as rigid in their thinking as preschoolers.
C) School-age children are slightly less advanced thinkers than preschoolers.
D) There is no sudden shift between preoperational and concrete operational thought.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Question 32

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Which statement about the difference between a 4-year-old and an 11-year-old is true?

A) The 4-year-old can separate the relevant from the irrelevant, but the 11-year-old is unable to do so.
B) The 11-year-old can apply abstract thought to the classification process, whereas the 4-year-old is unable to do so.
C) The 4-year-old will be able to think logically about concrete situations, whereas the 11-year-old is unable to do so.
D) The 11-year-old can use mental categories more flexibly, inductively, and simultaneously, whereas the 4-year-old is unable to do so.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Question 33

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Nine-year-old Pete sorted screws, bolts, and nails into three piles by type. He is able to correctly sort the objects into separate piles because of the logical principle of _____.

Aaron made two lines of toys with trucks in one line and cars in another. Aaron was exhibiting classification.

Briefly describe the immersion and bilingual schooling approaches to teaching a second language in the United States.

The Common Core is a(n) _____ that was developed with backing from all 50 states in response to doubts about state-level assessments.

The two crucial components of long-term memory are storage and _____.

To retain information in working memory, individuals must merely be exposed to the information.

Metacognition is _____.

To retain information in working memory, individuals must _____.

According to Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural framework, every experience after _____ teaches individuals something.

From an information-processing approach, the memory process has three major steps. What is the correct order of this process, beginning with the first component?

A body of knowledge in a particular area that makes it easier to master new information in that area is referred to as a "knowledge _____."

Ten-year-old Billy loves baseball and has studied baseball statistics since he was 5 years old. Billy is currently reading this year's statistics for some of his favorite players. He will easily remember the new statistics because of the knowledge _____ he has for baseball statistics.

Lev Vygotsky believed that instruction was crucial for cognitive development.

One social scientist, Paul Tough, wrote, "We have been focusing on the wrong skills and abilities in our children, and we have been using the wrong strategies to help nurture and teach those skills." Instead, he suggested that parents and educators should focus more on _____.

The unspoken and often unrecognized lessons that children learn in school, which have unofficial, unstated, or implicit influences on the academic curriculum and every other aspect of learning in school, are called the "______ curriculum."

The knowledge that things can be arranged in a logical order is the principle of seriation.

By age ____, children use every part of speech to form sentences that sometimes go on and on.

Define classification and seriation, and provide an example for each.