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How does organizational culture develop?

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An organization's current customs, tradi...

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Which of the following is not a characteristic of organizational culture?


A) attention to detail
B) innovation and risk taking
C) process orientation
D) team orientation
E) outcome orientation

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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Alessio's boss doesn't care whether Alessio works at home, at the office, or from his beach house. All he cares about is that the project is completed on time, on budget, and with exemplary quality. Which characteristic of organizational culture best describes this aspect of Alessio's job?


A) low risk taking
B) high outcome orientation
C) high attention to detail
D) low aggressiveness
E) high stability

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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During the socialization process, to work out any problems discovered during the encounter stage, the new member changes or goes through the ________ stage.


A) post-arrival
B) metamorphosis
C) post-encounter
D) analysis
E) evaluation

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Company chants are used to ________.


A) inform employees about changes in rules and policies
B) transmit company culture to employees
C) inform employees about latest technologies
D) communicate company strategies to the employees
E) update employees regarding performance of the company

F) D) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Cultures that tend to develop in large organizations to reflect common problems, situations, or experiences faced by groups of members in the same department or location are often called ________.


A) micro-cultures
B) subcultures
C) divisional cultures
D) microcosms
E) countercultures

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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The process of socialization consists of three stages. Which of the following is one of these three stages?


A) prearrival
B) preencounter
C) evaluation
D) post-arrival
E) post-encounter

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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Which of the following statements is true regarding the establishment of organizational culture and its effects on the organization?


A) Today's trend toward decentralized organizations makes it easier to establish a strong culture.
B) In a virtual organization, a strong culture can be established quickly and easily.
C) Employees organized in teams always show greater allegiance to the values of the organization as a whole than to their team and its values.
D) Culture acts as a control mechanism and guides the behaviour of employees.
E) Cultures reduce the stability of the social system.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Which of the following characteristics of an organization's culture indicates the degree to which management decisions take into consideration the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization?


A) attention to detail
B) outcome orientation
C) team orientation
D) people orientation
E) stability

F) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

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Describe the three stages involved in the process of socialization.

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The process that helps new employees ada...

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Barbara is the lead editor for a small, city newspaper. One of her advertising sales representatives, Mathew, is pulling in a lot of restaurant clients. Barbara realizes that Mathew is quite knowledgeable about food and speaks quite elegantly while describing different dishes. She has offered Mathew an opportunity to write a weekly restaurant review. Mathew is very happy with his new job role. Which aspect of creating a positive organization is being utilized by Barbara?


A) rewarding more than punishing
B) building on organization strengths
C) emphasizing individual growth
D) encouraging intense unbridled competition
E) focusing on outcomes

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

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Larry has an employee who is amazing at clearly seeing rules and enforcing them. He has recently promoted her to the lead position in quality assurance. Which aspect of creating a positive organizational culture is Larry utilizing?


A) rewarding more than punishing
B) building on organization strengths
C) encouraging intense competition
D) building on employee strengths
E) emphasizing short-term gains

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Trends Inc. is an apparel company. To keep up with the latest changes in the fashion industry, the company has to come up with innovative designs and follow strict timelines. The culture of the company values aggressiveness, innovation, and risk taking. The members of the organization accept these cultural values. They know exactly what is expected of them and these expectations go a long way in shaping their behaviour. In addition to this, the culture of the marketing department is outcome oriented and the finance department emphasizes attention to detail. These characteristics express the company's ________.


A) autocratic culture
B) subculture
C) highly formalized culture
D) reflective culture
E) dominant culture

F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

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Which of the following does not work to create culture?


A) Founder hires the only employees who think as he/she does.
B) Founder socializes employees to think and feel in similar ways.
C) Founder acts in ways which allow employees to identify with his/her beliefs.
D) Both A and B
E) All A, B, and C

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The ________ process helps candidates learn about the organization and if applicants perceive a conflict between their values and those of the organization, they can remove themselves from the applicant pool.


A) orientation
B) training
C) performance evaluation
D) selection
E) institutionalization

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following statements is not true regarding subcultures?


A) Subcultures include core values of the organization.
B) Subcultures typically exist within a department.
C) When we talk about an organization's culture, we are referring to its subculture.
D) If organizations were composed only of numerous subcultures, organizational culture as an independent variable would be significantly less powerful.
E) Subcultures influence members' behaviour.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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The ultimate source of an organization's culture is ________.


A) its top management
B) its environment
C) the country in which the organization operates
D) its founders
E) the sociocultural backgrounds of its employees

F) D) and E)
G) None of the above

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Which of the following statements is true regarding effects of national culture on organizational culture and ethical behaviour within an organization?


A) As compared to managers in Canada, managers in developing economies are less likely to see ethical decisions as embedded in a social environment.
B) Organizations can safely ignore local culture while establishing its operation in another country.
C) Generally, Canadian managers see bribery, nepotism, and favouring personal contacts as highly unethical.
D) Organizational cultures rarely reflect national culture.
E) Most Canadian managers do not view profit maximization as a moral obligation.

F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

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Describe the various situations under which culture acts as a liability.

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The various situations under which cultu...

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"Stability" is one of the seven primary characteristics that captures the essence of an organization's culture. It indicates the degree to which ________.


A) employees are encouraged to be innovative and take risks
B) management focuses on results or outcomes rather than on the techniques and processes used to achieve them
C) management decisions take into consideration the effect of outcomes on people within the organization
D) work activities are organized around teams rather than individuals
E) organizational activities emphasize maintaining the status quo in contrast to growth

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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