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Praising socially withdrawn children when they make eye contact with others and ignoring them after a temper tantrum best illustrates an application of


A) cognitive therapy.
B) psychodynamic therapy.
C) operant conditioning.
D) unconditional positive regard.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Increasingly, insurer and government support for mental health services requires


A) client-centered therapy.
B) a 12-step program.
C) evidence-based practice.
D) a token economy.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Clients often stay in touch with their psychotherapists only if satisfied with the treatment they received. This helps us understand why therapists


A) typically take an eclectic approach to therapy.
B) prefer client-centered therapy over other forms of treatment.
C) interpret patients' transference early in the course of therapy.
D) tend to overestimate the effectiveness of psychotherapy.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Although Ethan is actually doing very well in college, he feels depressed and academically incompetent. His therapist has instructed him to explain in writing how his good grades resulted from his own hard work and personal abilities. This therapeutic procedure is most characteristic of ________ therapy.


A) behavior
B) cognitive
C) psychodynamic
D) humanistic

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Psychopharmacology involves the study of how


A) diseases influence psychological well-being.
B) exercise alleviates depression.
C) drugs affect mind and behavior.
D) psychosurgery and ECT influence emotions.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Klaus is a psychology graduate student who wants to determine whether electroconvulsive therapy is an effective treatment for depression. To combine the results of numerous published studies on this issue, Klaus should make use of


A) the double-blind procedure.
B) a 12-step program.
C) counterconditioning.
D) meta-analysis.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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To help Mr. Eberstadt overcome his addiction to alcohol, his therapist first attempted to discover whether his misuse of alcohol was somehow a reaction to his wife's behavior. The therapist's concern is most likely to be characteristic of a


A) psychoanalyst.
B) family therapist.
C) client-centered therapist.
D) biomedical therapist.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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The construction of a list of anxiety-provoking stimuli and training in relaxation are important aspects of


A) aversive conditioning.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) psychodynamic therapy.
D) client-centered therapy.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Psychoanalytic techniques are designed primarily to help patients


A) focus on their immediate conscious feelings.
B) feel more trusting toward others.
C) become aware of their repressed conflicts and impulses.
D) develop greater self-esteem.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms following the discontinued use of an antianxiety drug are indicative of


A) rTMS.
B) neurogenesis.
C) tardive dyskinesia.
D) addiction.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following treatments is most likely to be used only with severely depressed patients who have not responded to drug therapy?


A) systematic desensitization
B) electroconvulsive therapy
C) psychoanalysis
D) EMDR

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Three benefits attributed to all psychotherapies are


A) an eclectic approach, nondirective treatment, and long-term potentiation.
B) hope, a new perspective, and a caring relationship.
C) exposure, desensitization, and relaxation.
D) neurogenesis, transference, and post-traumatic growth.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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During psychotherapy, Leon would begin to stutter whenever he began discussing personally sensitive thoughts. Sigmund Freud would have been likely to interpret this stuttering as


A) neurogenesis.
B) tardive dyskinesia.
C) a placebo effect.
D) resistance.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Helping patients gain perspective on feelings they seem to be defending against is a major goal of


A) systematic desensitization.
B) psychodynamic therapy.
C) a token economy.
D) rTMS.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Insight therapies aim to improve psychological functioning by


A) discouraging people from using antidepressant drugs.
B) using progressive relaxation to reduce anxiety.
C) increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses.
D) using personality tests to accurately diagnose the person's difficulties.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Inserting a medical instrument through each eye socket was part of a procedure known as


A) vagas nerve stimulation.
B) eye movement desensitization and reprocessing.
C) the double-blind procedure.
D) a lobotomy.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Who would be most likely to expect that patients are often motivated to resist retelling a recent dream?


A) a humanistic therapist
B) a psychoanalyst
C) a behavior therapist
D) a cognitive therapist

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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The lobotomy procedure is not widely used today because


A) it produces a lethargic, immature personality.
B) it is irreversible.
C) calming drugs became available in the 1950s.
D) of all of these reasons.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Which form of therapy is most likely to emphasize the importance of examining a person's role within a social system?


A) cognitive therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) family therapy
D) client-centered therapy

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Therapists' perceptions of the effectiveness of psychotherapy are likely to be misleading because


A) therapists typically minimize the seriousness of their clients' symptoms when therapy begins.
B) clients typically emphasize their problems at the start of therapy and their well-being at the end of therapy.
C) clients tend to focus on their observable behavioral problems rather than on their mental and emotional abilities.
D) therapists typically overestimate their clients' potential levels of adjustment.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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