Question 1

Freud would have suggested that an excessive fixation is most likely to contribute to

Accepted Answer

A)   regression.
B)   the spotlight effect.
C)   reciprocal determinism.
D)   self-serving bias.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 2

Compared with Freud, contemporary research psychologists are LESS likely to think of unconscious mental dynamics as involving

Accepted Answer

A)   parallel processing.
B)   repressive censoring.
C)   implicit memory.
D)   right-hemisphere activity.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Contemporary psychodynamic theorists assume that childhood experiences have long-term consequences for our

Accepted Answer

A)   Electra complex.
B)   collective unconscious.
C)   social attachment styles.
D)   erogenous zones.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Which theorists have been most directly criticized for underestimating the variability of behavior from situation to situation?

Accepted Answer

A)   social-cognitive
B)   psychodynamic
C)   humanistic
D)   traitE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Psychologist Jean Twenge refers to today's new generation as Generation Me because it expresses high levels of

Accepted Answer

A)   openness.
B)   narcissism.
C)   free association.
D)   unconditional positive regard.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Research on self-esteem indicates that most people

Accepted Answer

A)   feel more personally responsible for their failures than for their successes.
B)   view themselves very favorably in comparison to most others.
C)   underestimate the accuracy of their beliefs and judgments.
D)   are unrealistically pessimistic about their personal future.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Lamont has frequently been rebellious, inconsiderate, and self-centered, yet the pastor of his local church has always accepted and respected him. The pastor's attitude toward Lamont is most explicitly recommended by

Accepted Answer

A)   Sigmund Freud.
B)   Carl Rogers.
C)   Albert Bandura.
D)   Alfred Adler.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

According to Freud, the most important erogenous zone during earliest infancy consists of the

Accepted Answer

A)   eyes.
B)   mouth.
C)   bowels.
D)   breasts.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 9

The importance of unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences is of most central importance to

Accepted Answer

A)   humanistic theories.
B)   psychodynamic theories.
C)   social-cognitive theories.
D)   trait theories.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

In every one of the 53 countries surveyed, people typically expressed self-esteem above the midpoint of the most widely used self-esteem scale. This best illustrates the pervasiveness of

Accepted Answer

A)   extraversion.
B)   the spotlight effect.
C)   self-serving bias.
D)   free association.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Regarding high self-esteem, psychologists who study the self have found that self-affirming thinking

Accepted Answer

A)   is generally maladaptive to the individual because it distorts reality by overinflating self-esteem.
B)   is generally adaptive to the individual because it reduces shyness, anxiety, and loneliness.
C)   tends to prevent the individual from viewing others with compassion and understanding.
D)   tends not to characterize people who have experienced unconditional positive regard.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 12

Narcissism is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)   less gambling and less cheating.
B)   less gambling and more cheating.
C)   more gambling and less cheating.
D)   more gambling and more cheating.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Trait theorists have been criticized for

Accepted Answer

A)   underestimating the potential influence of biological factors on personality development.
B)   underestimating the extent to which people differ from one another.
C)   overestimating the consistency of behavior from one situation to another.
D)   overestimating the importance of reciprocal determinism on adult personality traits.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 14

Freud suggested that a man's inability to remember his childhood Oedipus complex illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   rationalization.
B)   repression.
C)   displacement.
D)   projection.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

Overestimating the extent to which others notice and evaluate our appearance and performance is called

Accepted Answer

A)   the Barnum effect.
B)   self-serving bias.
C)   the spotlight effect.
D)   a fixation.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Which neo-Freudian theorist emphasized the influence of the collective unconscious in personality development?

Accepted Answer

A)   Carl Jung
B)   Alfred Adler
C)   Karen Horney
D)   Abraham MaslowE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 17

Jeremiah accepts himself as he is without being strongly affected by how others evaluate him. Jeremiah most clearly demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)   the Barnum effect.
B)   secure self-esteem.
C)   the spotlight effect.
D)   reciprocal determinism.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 18

Self-actualized people, as described by Maslow, are LEAST likely to be highly

Accepted Answer

A)   compassionate.
B)   religious.
C)   conforming.
D)   self-accepting.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Personality inventories are designed to assess several ________ at once.

Accepted Answer

A)   possible selves
B)   defense mechanisms
C)   archetypes
D)   traitsE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Trait theorists would be most likely to highlight the impact of our biologically inherited ________ on personality.

Accepted Answer

A)   erogenous zones
B)   archetypes
C)   individualism
D)   temperamentE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Exam 12: Social Psychology

Regarding high self-esteem, psychologists who study the self have found that self-affirming thinking

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which neo-Freudian theorist emphasized the influence of the collective unconscious in personality development?

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The importance of unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences is of most central importance to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared with Freud, contemporary research psychologists are LESS likely to think of unconscious mental dynamics as involving

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Contemporary psychodynamic theorists assume that childhood experiences have long-term consequences for our

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Trait theorists have been criticized for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Freud, the most important erogenous zone during earliest infancy consists of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Self-actualized people, as described by Maslow, are LEAST likely to be highly

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Narcissism is associated with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud suggested that a man's inability to remember his childhood Oedipus complex illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud would have suggested that an excessive fixation is most likely to contribute to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Personality inventories are designed to assess several ________ at once.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Overestimating the extent to which others notice and evaluate our appearance and performance is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In every one of the 53 countries surveyed, people typically expressed self-esteem above the midpoint of the most widely used self-esteem scale. This best illustrates the pervasiveness of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lamont has frequently been rebellious, inconsiderate, and self-centered, yet the pastor of his local church has always accepted and respected him. The pastor's attitude toward Lamont is most explicitly recommended by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychologist Jean Twenge refers to today's new generation as Generation Me because it expresses high levels of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jeremiah accepts himself as he is without being strongly affected by how others evaluate him. Jeremiah most clearly demonstrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on self-esteem indicates that most people

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Trait theorists would be most likely to highlight the impact of our biologically inherited ________ on personality.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which theorists have been most directly criticized for underestimating the variability of behavior from situation to situation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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