Question 1

A person who is careless and disorganized most clearly ranks low on the Big Five trait dimension of

Accepted Answer

A)   neuroticism.
B)   extraversion.
C)   openness.
D)   conscientiousness.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Which theory has been most severely criticized for offering after-the-fact explanations without advancing testable predictions?

Accepted Answer

A)   humanistic theory
B)   trait theory
C)   psychoanalytic theory
D)   social-cognitive theoryE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

Subliminal stimuli can briefly prime our responses to subsequent events. This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   factor analysis.
B)   the Barnum effect.
C)   unconscious thought.
D)   the spotlight effect.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Maslow's description of self-actualized individuals was said to reflect his own personal values because he

Accepted Answer

A)   selectively studied people with qualities he admired.
B)   interpreted their flattering self-descriptions as a self-serving bias.
C)   overemphasized the value of their loyalty to cultural norms.
D)   used projective tests to assess their motives.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Because people are biopsychosocial organisms, the study of personality most clearly benefits from the use of

Accepted Answer

A)   free association.
B)   empirically derived tests.
C)   multiple levels of analysis.
D)   unconditional positive regard.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 6

One of the Big Five personality factors is

Accepted Answer

A)   reciprocal determinism.
B)   self-actualization.
C)   agreeableness.
D)   free association.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

In studying personality, a social-cognitive theorist would most likely make use of

Accepted Answer

A)   personality inventories.
B)   projective tests.
C)   observing behavior in different situations.
D)   factor analyses.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Rona was asked by her psychotherapist to describe what she saw in 10 ambiguous inkblots. Rona was most likely responding to a(n)  ________ test.

Accepted Answer

A)   projective
B)   self-esteem
C)   multiphasic personality
D)   empirically derivedE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Compared with people in communal societies, people in individualist societies

Accepted Answer

A)   have a stronger sense of family.
B)   exhibit greater shyness toward strangers.
C)   exhibit greater concern for loyalty and social harmony.
D)   have a stronger sense of self.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

Children who release unexpressed anger toward their parents by kicking the family pet illustrate the defense mechanism of

Accepted Answer

A)   projection.
B)   displacement.
C)   regression.
D)   reaction formation.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 11

People living in a culture that promotes collectivism are more likely than those in individualist cultures to report experiencing

Accepted Answer

A)   happiness.
B)   family loyalty.
C)   personal freedom.
D)   marital romance.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 12

Our personalities influence the extent to which we expose ourselves to specific environmental influences. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   the spotlight effect.
B)   reaction formation.
C)   self-serving bias.
D)   reciprocal determinism.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 13

In suggesting that the mind is mostly hidden, Freud was most clearly emphasizing the importance of the

Accepted Answer

A)   spotlight effect.
B)   erogenous zone.
C)   unconscious.
D)   psychosexual stages.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 14

In studying personality, a trait theorist would most likely

Accepted Answer

A)   use a projective test.
B)   observe a person in a variety of situations.
C)   use a personality inventory.
D)   use the method of free association.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 15

According to Freud, a fixation involves the focus of one's energies on

Accepted Answer

A)   repression.
B)   free association.
C)   false memories.
D)   an earlier psychosexual stage.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Professor Halasa perceives shy, inhibited styles of behavior to be the interactive outcome of cultural expectations, autonomic nervous system reactivity, and unconscious thought processes. The professor's views best illustrate a(n)  ________ approach.

Accepted Answer

A)   trait
B)   evolutionary
C)   biopsychosocial
D)   humanisticE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Twelve-year-old Cawley demonstrates a strongly masculine sense of self-identity even though he was raised without a father or father substitute. This fact represents the most serious threat to ________ theory of personality.

Accepted Answer

A)   Freud's
B)   Bandura's
C)   Rogers'
D)   Allport'sE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Frank refuses to believe that he is addicted to drugs despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary. He is most clearly demonstrating the defense mechanism of

Accepted Answer

A)   displacement.
B)   regression.
C)   projection.
D)   denial.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 19

The person-situation controversy involves a debate regarding the influence of ________ and ________ on behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)   self-efficacy; self-esteem
B)   factor analysis; free association
C)   environments; traits
D)   the actual self; the ideal selfE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Contemporary psychologists are most likely to consider ________ to be of pivotal importance to personality.

Accepted Answer

A)   the superego
B)   unconditional positive regard
C)   the sense of self
D)   the collective unconsciousE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Exam 12: Social Psychology

Twelve-year-old Cawley demonstrates a strongly masculine sense of self-identity even though he was raised without a father or father substitute. This fact represents the most serious threat to ________ theory of personality.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared with people in communal societies, people in individualist societies

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In studying personality, a social-cognitive theorist would most likely make use of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Freud, a fixation involves the focus of one's energies on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Subliminal stimuli can briefly prime our responses to subsequent events. This best illustrates the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In studying personality, a trait theorist would most likely

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the Big Five personality factors is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Maslow's description of self-actualized individuals was said to reflect his own personal values because he

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Frank refuses to believe that he is addicted to drugs despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary. He is most clearly demonstrating the defense mechanism of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which theory has been most severely criticized for offering after-the-fact explanations without advancing testable predictions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Children who release unexpressed anger toward their parents by kicking the family pet illustrate the defense mechanism of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In suggesting that the mind is mostly hidden, Freud was most clearly emphasizing the importance of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Contemporary psychologists are most likely to consider ________ to be of pivotal importance to personality.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People living in a culture that promotes collectivism are more likely than those in individualist cultures to report experiencing

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rona was asked by her psychotherapist to describe what she saw in 10 ambiguous inkblots. Rona was most likely responding to a(n) ________ test.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The person-situation controversy involves a debate regarding the influence of ________ and ________ on behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person who is careless and disorganized most clearly ranks low on the Big Five trait dimension of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because people are biopsychosocial organisms, the study of personality most clearly benefits from the use of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Our personalities influence the extent to which we expose ourselves to specific environmental influences. This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professor Halasa perceives shy, inhibited styles of behavior to be the interactive outcome of cultural expectations, autonomic nervous system reactivity, and unconscious thought processes. The professor's views best illustrate a(n) ________ approach.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The person-situation controversy involves a debate regarding the influence of and on behavior.

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