Question 1

Which of the following methods is most helpful for clarifying cause-effect relationships?

Accepted Answer

A)   the survey
B)   the experiment
C)   correlational research
D)   naturalistic observationE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 2

Dr. Lipka focuses on ways to improve employee job satisfaction and productivity. Dr. Lipka is most likely a(n)  ________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A)   clinical
B)   developmental
C)   cognitive
D)   industrial-organizationalE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Hypotheses are best described as

Accepted Answer

A)   assumptions.
B)   replications.
C)   explanations.
D)   predictions.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Professor Carter observes and records the behavior of grocery shoppers as they select items to purchase. Which type of research is Professor Carter using?

Accepted Answer

A)   survey research
B)   case study
C)   experimentation
D)   naturalistic observationE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Research participants are randomly assigned to different groups in an experiment in order to

Accepted Answer

A)   minimize chances that participants in any group know each other.
B)   increase chances that participants are representative of people in general.
C)   minimize any differences between groups of participants.
D)   increase chances that the different groups have the same number of participants.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 6

The method of introspection was used by Edward Titchener to identify

Accepted Answer

A)   inherited traits.
B)   maladaptive behaviors.
C)   unconscious motives.
D)   sensory experiences.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

For no apparent reason, Adam has recently begun to feel so tense and anxious that he frequently stays home from work. It would be best for Adam to contact a ________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A)   developmental
B)   clinical
C)   cognitive
D)   biologicalE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Dr. Santaniello conducts research on how children's moral thinking changes as they grow older. It is most likely that Dr. Santaniello is a(n)  ________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A)   social
B)   clinical
C)   developmental
D)   industrial-organizationalE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 9

To study the effects of lighting on mood, Dr. Cooper had students fill out questionnaires in brightly lit or dimly lit rooms. In this study, the independent variable consisted of

Accepted Answer

A)   the number of students assigned to each group.
B)   the students' responses to the questionnaire.
C)   the room lighting.
D)   the subject matter of the questions asked.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

Which of the following techniques would be the most effective way of investigating the relationship between the political attitudes and the economic status of North Americans?

Accepted Answer

A)   the survey
B)   naturalistic observation
C)   experimentation
D)   the case studyE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 11

The scientific attitude of humility is most likely to be undermined by

Accepted Answer

A)   hindsight bias.
B)   correlational evidence.
C)   random assignment.
D)   operational definitions.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Professor Delano suggests that because people are especially attracted to those who are good-looking, handsome men will be more successful than average-looking men in getting a job. The professor's prediction regarding employment success is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   the hindsight bias.
B)   the placebo effect.
C)   a hypothesis.
D)   a confounding variable.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Potential research participants are told enough about an upcoming study to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate. This illustrates the practice of seeking

Accepted Answer

A)   a representative sample.
B)   informed consent.
C)   an operational definition.
D)   a placebo effect.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

The survey is a research method in which

Accepted Answer

A)   individuals are carefully observed in their natural environments.
B)   a representative, random sample of individuals are questioned regarding their attitudes or behaviors.
C)   an individual is studied in great depth.
D)   an investigator determines the extent to which two variables influence each other.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 15

A complete picture of how mental processes are influenced by both social systems and brain functions is most clearly provided by

Accepted Answer

A)   behaviorism.
B)   humanistic psychology.
C)   a biopsychosocial approach.
D)   naturalistic observation.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a basic research technique used by psychologists?

Accepted Answer

A)   description
B)   replication
C)   experimentation
D)   correlationE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

By testing their predictions with the observational method of science, psychologists are using a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   correlation coefficient.
B)   empirical approach.
C)   psychodynamic perspective.
D)   independent variable.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 18

A positive correlation between self-esteem and academic success would indicate that

Accepted Answer

A)   a positive self-concept contributes to academic success.
B)   academic success contributes to a favorable self-image.
C)   those with high self-esteem are more academically successful than those with low self-esteem.
D)   all of these statements are correct.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Psychologists study animals because

Accepted Answer

A)   animal behavior is just as complex as human behavior.
B)   experiments on people are generally considered to be unethical.
C)   the ethical treatment of animals is not mandated by professional guidelines.
D)   similar processes often underlie animal and human behavior.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 20

A refusal to consider potential evidence that might conflict with one's preconceived ideas best illustrates a lack of

Accepted Answer

A)   informed consent.
B)   critical thinking.
C)   operational definition.
D)   predictive hypotheses.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 1: Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

By testing their predictions with the observational method of science, psychologists are using a(n)

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Research participants are randomly assigned to different groups in an experiment in order to

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Which of the following methods is most helpful for clarifying cause-effect relationships?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The method of introspection was used by Edward Titchener to identify

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professor Delano suggests that because people are especially attracted to those who are good-looking, handsome men will be more successful than average-looking men in getting a job. The professor's prediction regarding employment success is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following techniques would be the most effective way of investigating the relationship between the political attitudes and the economic status of North Americans?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr. Santaniello conducts research on how children's moral thinking changes as they grow older. It is most likely that Dr. Santaniello is a(n) ________ psychologist.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The survey is a research method in which

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professor Carter observes and records the behavior of grocery shoppers as they select items to purchase. Which type of research is Professor Carter using?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A positive correlation between self-esteem and academic success would indicate that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A complete picture of how mental processes are influenced by both social systems and brain functions is most clearly provided by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To study the effects of lighting on mood, Dr. Cooper had students fill out questionnaires in brightly lit or dimly lit rooms. In this study, the independent variable consisted of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr. Lipka focuses on ways to improve employee job satisfaction and productivity. Dr. Lipka is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A refusal to consider potential evidence that might conflict with one's preconceived ideas best illustrates a lack of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hypotheses are best described as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a basic research technique used by psychologists?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Potential research participants are told enough about an upcoming study to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate. This illustrates the practice of seeking

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychologists study animals because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For no apparent reason, Adam has recently begun to feel so tense and anxious that he frequently stays home from work. It would be best for Adam to contact a ________ psychologist.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The scientific attitude of humility is most likely to be undermined by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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