Question 1

Ten-year-old Karen frequently watches violent movies on television.This is most likely to lead her to

Accepted Answer

A)   underestimate the actual frequency of violent crimes in the real world.
B)   experience less distress at the sight of other children fighting on the school playground.
C)   become more hesitant about personally starting a fight with another child.
D)   become less fearful about being criminally assaulted.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

To modify your own behavior using operant conditioning principles,you should

Accepted Answer

A)   monitor and record the actual frequency of the operant behavior you wish to promote.
B)   formulate goals for behavior change that are a bit more ambitious than what you can actually accomplish.
C)   carefully observe and imitate the specific behaviors practiced by others who have successfully achieved your goals.
D)   systematically reinforce the operant behavior you wish to promote with delayed rather than immediate reinforcers.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

Understanding that the development of depression is related to one's genetic predispositions,learned behaviors from one's home environment,as well as how one interprets life events best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   behaviorism.
B)   biological constraints.
C)   prosocial behavior.
D)   a biopsychosocial approach.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Evidence that organisms most readily learn behaviors favored by natural selection best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   vicarious reinforcement.
B)   latent learning.
C)   conditioned reinforcers.
D)   biological constraints.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 5

Billy is 10 years old.When he misbehaves,his parents primarily use spanking to punish him.Which of the following is true regarding Billy?

Accepted Answer

A)   Billy is at an increased risk of aggression because physical punishment models violence as a way to cope with problems.
B)   Billy will forget to engage in the behavior that resulted in the spanking.
C)   Billy will become fearless because physical punishment teaches children how to reduce generalizations among stimuli.
D)   Billy will stop the behaviors that resulted in him being spanked.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

In classical conditioning a stimulus is any event or situation that

Accepted Answer

A)   triggers imitation.
B)   signals a reward.
C)   elicits operant behavior.
D)   evokes a response.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

An animal trainer is teaching a miniature poodle to balance on a ball.Initially,he gives the poodle a treat for approaching the ball,then only for placing its front paws on the ball,and finally only for climbing on the ball.The trainer is using the method of

Accepted Answer

A)   successive approximations.
B)   delayed reinforcement.
C)   classical conditioning.
D)   secondary reinforcement.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Respondent behavior is a(n) ________ response,whereas operant behavior is a(n) ________ response.

Accepted Answer

A)   conditioned;unconditioned
B)   conscious;unconscious
C)   punishing;rewarding
D)   automatic;voluntaryE) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

A geometric figure is most likely to trigger sexual arousal if presented shortly

Accepted Answer

A)   after an appropriate UR.
B)   after an appropriate US.
C)   before an appropriate UR.
D)   before an appropriate US.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Shaping is a procedure in which reinforcers are

Accepted Answer

A)   designed to evoke respondent behavior.
B)   interspersed with punishers to speed the process of learning.
C)   used to guide actions closer and closer to a desired behavior.
D)   given on a variable-ratio schedule.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Any stimulus that,when presented after a response,strengthens the response is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   conditioned stimulus.
B)   unconditioned stimulus.
C)   positive reinforcer.
D)   negative reinforcer.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Researchers are studying how rapidly a hungry pigeon in a confined cage will learn to peck at a lighted disk in order to receive food.The researchers are most clearly using a(n) ________ to study learning.

Accepted Answer

A)   Pavlovian maze
B)   conditioned reinforcer
C)   operant chamber
D)   variable-ratio scheduleE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Jordan is frightened by the sound of a train whistle.The sound is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   unconditioned response.
B)   generalization.
C)   acquisition.
D)   stimulus.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Positive punishment ________ the rate of operant responding,and negative punishment ________ the rate of operant responding.

Accepted Answer

A)   increases;decreases
B)   decreases;increases
C)   decreases;decreases
D)   has no effect on;decreasesE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Resistance to extinction is most strongly encouraged by ________ reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)   delayed
B)   intermittent
C)   conditioned
D)   negativeE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Any event or situation that evokes a response is a

Accepted Answer

A)   reward.
B)   acquisition.
C)   stimulus.
D)   operant.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 17

An enclosure containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   time-out room.
B)   operant chamber.
C)   unconditioned stimulus.
D)   observational platform.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 18

Glancing at the television in the next room in hopes of seeing the beginning of the 6 o'clock evening news is likely to be reinforced on a ________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed-interval
B)   fixed-ratio
C)   variable-interval
D)   variable-ratioE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 19

The tendency for children to imitate behaviors seen on television best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   modeling.
B)   latent learning.
C)   immediate reinforcement.
D)   cognitive maps.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

Which of the following have business organizations used effectively to help new employees learn communication,sales,and customer service skills?

Accepted Answer

A)   theory of mind
B)   overimitation
C)   behavior modeling
D)   latent learningE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Exam 7: Learning

Any event or situation that evokes a response is a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Billy is 10 years old.When he misbehaves,his parents primarily use spanking to punish him.Which of the following is true regarding Billy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Understanding that the development of depression is related to one's genetic predispositions,learned behaviors from one's home environment,as well as how one interprets life events best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To modify your own behavior using operant conditioning principles,you should

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Shaping is a procedure in which reinforcers are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning a stimulus is any event or situation that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An animal trainer is teaching a miniature poodle to balance on a ball.Initially,he gives the poodle a treat for approaching the ball,then only for placing its front paws on the ball,and finally only for climbing on the ball.The trainer is using the method of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following have business organizations used effectively to help new employees learn communication,sales,and customer service skills?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers are studying how rapidly a hungry pigeon in a confined cage will learn to peck at a lighted disk in order to receive food.The researchers are most clearly using a(n) ________ to study learning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A geometric figure is most likely to trigger sexual arousal if presented shortly

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tendency for children to imitate behaviors seen on television best illustrates the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jordan is frightened by the sound of a train whistle.The sound is a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glancing at the television in the next room in hopes of seeing the beginning of the 6 o'clock evening news is likely to be reinforced on a ________ schedule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Resistance to extinction is most strongly encouraged by ________ reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Respondent behavior is a(n) ________ response,whereas operant behavior is a(n) ________ response.

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Positive punishment ________ the rate of operant responding,and negative punishment ________ the rate of operant responding.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Any stimulus that,when presented after a response,strengthens the response is called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An enclosure containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer is called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ten-year-old Karen frequently watches violent movies on television.This is most likely to lead her to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Evidence that organisms most readily learn behaviors favored by natural selection best illustrates the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Respondent behavior is a(n) response,whereas operant behavior is a(n) response.

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Positive punishment the rate of operant responding,and negative punishment the rate of operant responding.

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