Question 1

Melinda always signs up for the most difficult biology courses during her college years.She has a great deal of confidence in her ability to meet the challenges of these courses.Melinda is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A)   self-efficacy.
B)   reciprocal determinism.
C)   the spotlight effect.
D)   self-esteem.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Wayne's parents repeatedly told him that he was better than others when he was a child.This may increase the likelihood that Wayne will have a high score on the trait of ________ as an adult.

Accepted Answer

A)   agreeableness
B)   extraversion
C)   narcissism
D)   opennessE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

Trait theorists would be most likely to highlight the impact of our biologically inherited ________ on personality.

Accepted Answer

A)   self-esteem
B)   empathy
C)   individualism
D)   temperament and behavioral styleE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 4

A consistent tendency to be shy is best described as

Accepted Answer

A)   a trait.
B)   empirically derived.
C)   self-efficacy.
D)   heritable.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 5

Children who have witnessed a parent's murder report memories that most clearly challenge Freud's concept of

Accepted Answer

A)   erogenous zones.
B)   an inferiority complex.
C)   free association.
D)   repression.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

Two-year-old Damien frequently refuses to obey his parents because he derives immense pleasure from demonstrating his independence from their control.Freud would have suggested that Damien is going through the ________ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

A)   phallic
B)   anal
C)   latency
D)   oralE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 7

In assessing candidates for spy missions during World War II,U.S.Army psychologists subjected them to simulated undercover conditions.This best illustrates the use of an assessment strategy favored by ________ theories.

Accepted Answer

A)   trait
B)   psychoanalytic
C)   social-cognitive
D)   humanisticE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

Psychodynamic theories emphasize that personality involves a dynamic interaction between

Accepted Answer

A)   persons and situations.
B)   repression and fixation.
C)   conscious and unconscious mental processes.
D)   the inferiority complex and the collective unconscious.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Social-cognitive theorists would suggest that the best way to predict a political candidate's performance effectiveness after election is to assess that individual's

Accepted Answer

A)   self-esteem.
B)   specific political goals for the future.
C)   general feelings of optimism about the future.
D)   past performance in situations involving similar responsibilities.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Eric's friends can always count on him to help with any problem.Eric is very trusting and caring with his family and friends.Eric would score high on the Big Five factor of

Accepted Answer

A)   extraversion.
B)   agreeableness.
C)   conscientiousness.
D)   openness.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 11

Debra is a new mother who believes that she needs to make sure her son develops a positive self-concept and high self-esteem.By so doing,he will improve his chances of being successful in later life.Debra has probably been influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)   humanistic psychology.
B)   trait theory.
C)   behaviorism.
D)   Sigmund Freud.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

Which of the following theorists described personality in terms of fundamental traits?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sigmund Freud
B)   Carl Rogers
C)   Abraham Maslow
D)   Gordon AllportE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

James is walking home alone at night when he is suddenly startled and scared.A few seconds later,he realizes that he heard a noise that came from a stray cat.His experience demonstrates how ________ can be instantly activated prior to conscious awareness.

Accepted Answer

A)   schemas
B)   emotions
C)   stereotypes
D)   memoriesE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Carol Rogers and Abraham Maslow offered a ________ that emphasized human potential.

Accepted Answer

A)   self-determination
B)   hierarchy of needs
C)   self-actualization
D)   third-force perspectiveE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

In Western cultures,introversion is belittled in part because people tend to equate introversion with

Accepted Answer

A)   selfishness.
B)   self-efficacy.
C)   shyness.
D)   narcissism.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 16

Carl Rogers referred to an attitude of total acceptance toward another person as

Accepted Answer

A)   genuineness.
B)   unconditional positive regard.
C)   self-actualization.
D)   the ideal self.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Randy's substandard academic performance is both a result and a cause of his feelings of academic inferiority.This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   self-serving bias.
B)   the spotlight effect.
C)   reciprocal determinism.
D)   self-image.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Maslow's description of self-actualized individuals was said to reflect his own personal values because he

Accepted Answer

A)   selectively studied people with qualities he admired.
B)   interpreted their flattering self-descriptions as self-serving.
C)   overemphasized the value of their loyalty to cultural norms.
D)   used projective tests to assess their motives.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Greg eats excessively.According to Freud,Greg is ________ in the oral stage of development.

Accepted Answer

A)   fixated
B)   repressed
C)   primed
D)   projectedE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Dr.Packwood is a clinical psychologist.She would be LEAST likely to use the Big Five to understand

Accepted Answer

A)   personality disorders.
B)   schizophrenia.
C)   attachment differences.
D)   general dysfunctions.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Exam 13: Personality

Debra is a new mother who believes that she needs to make sure her son develops a positive self-concept and high self-esteem.By so doing,he will improve his chances of being successful in later life.Debra has probably been influenced by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Packwood is a clinical psychologist.She would be LEAST likely to use the Big Five to understand

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Greg eats excessively.According to Freud,Greg is ________ in the oral stage of development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychodynamic theories emphasize that personality involves a dynamic interaction between

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Children who have witnessed a parent's murder report memories that most clearly challenge Freud's concept of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Melinda always signs up for the most difficult biology courses during her college years.She has a great deal of confidence in her ability to meet the challenges of these courses.Melinda is demonstrating

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A consistent tendency to be shy is best described as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following theorists described personality in terms of fundamental traits?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Social-cognitive theorists would suggest that the best way to predict a political candidate's performance effectiveness after election is to assess that individual's

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Trait theorists would be most likely to highlight the impact of our biologically inherited ________ on personality.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In assessing candidates for spy missions during World War II,U.S.Army psychologists subjected them to simulated undercover conditions.This best illustrates the use of an assessment strategy favored by ________ theories.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carol Rogers and Abraham Maslow offered a ________ that emphasized human potential.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Wayne's parents repeatedly told him that he was better than others when he was a child.This may increase the likelihood that Wayne will have a high score on the trait of ________ as an adult.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Randy's substandard academic performance is both a result and a cause of his feelings of academic inferiority.This best illustrates the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carl Rogers referred to an attitude of total acceptance toward another person as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Western cultures,introversion is belittled in part because people tend to equate introversion with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Eric's friends can always count on him to help with any problem.Eric is very trusting and caring with his family and friends.Eric would score high on the Big Five factor of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Maslow's description of self-actualized individuals was said to reflect his own personal values because he

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

James is walking home alone at night when he is suddenly startled and scared.A few seconds later,he realizes that he heard a noise that came from a stray cat.His experience demonstrates how ________ can be instantly activated prior to conscious awareness.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two-year-old Damien frequently refuses to obey his parents because he derives immense pleasure from demonstrating his independence from their control.Freud would have suggested that Damien is going through the ________ stage of development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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