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Exam 8: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood

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Question 1

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Cultures around the world tend to give mothers and fathers different roles in parenting. Describe the different socializing strategies that mothers and fathers use in raising their children.

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In many cultures, mothers socialize thei...

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Question 2

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Why do more researchers think that birth-order influences on child development have been emphasized too strongly?

A) There are no clear patterns of birth-order influences on personality.
B) With continued study on birth-order influences, the findings are bound to create self-fulfilling prophecies that will perpetuate birth order.
C) The patterns of birth-order influences that scientists describe are largely speculation and are not based on evidence.
D) Birth order by itself shows limited ability to predict behavior when all the factors that influence behavior are considered.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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D

Question 3

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A parent who encourages his or her children to be independent but still places limits and controls on their actions is a(n)

Jerome, 6, and Hani, 10, get up early on Saturday morning to make "breakfast in bed" for their mother. While reaching for the bed tray in the back of the hall cabinet, they accidentally break their mother's favorite porcelain doll. Jerome knows that he's going to get into "big trouble." Hani tells him not to worry and that their mom would understand that it was an accident. In what stage would Jean Piaget categorize the moral reasoning of Jerome and Hani?

________ involves a sense of one's own gender, including knowledge, understanding, and acceptance of being male or female.

Which of the following refers to activities engaged in for pleasure that include rules and often involve competition with one or more individuals?

From a young age, Karen has always been praised by her parents for her feminine behavior. Her parents reward her behavior by saying such statements as "Karen, you look very pretty in your frock." Her brother, on the other hand, is reprimanded for playing with Karen's dolls. In the context of social influences on gender development, this scenario is in accordance with the ________ of gender.

In the context of the types of children's play, identify a true statement about practice play.

According to Baumrind, a parent who is highly involved with his/her children but places few demands or controls on them is displaying a(n) ________ parenting style.

In Erikson's portrait of early childhood, the young child clearly has begun to develop ________, which is the representation of self, the substance, and content of self-conceptions.

Which parenting style is demanding and controlling while also being rejecting and unresponsive?

At about ________ years of age and older, children show autonomous morality.

Low levels of ________ in the female embryo allow the normal development of female sex organs.

In the context of the types of children's play, what kind of play combines sensorimotor/practice play with symbolic representation and occurs when children engage in the self-regulated creation of a product or a solution?

In the context of expressing emotions, at what age does self-awareness occur?

In which parenting style do parents show pleasure and support in response to children's constructive behavior?

When her mother asks Selena why she feels so sad, Selena says it is because her best friend just lost her puppy. Selena is exhibiting

________ especially plays a key role in children's ability to manage the demands and conflicts they face in interacting with others. It is an important component of executive function.

Older children, who are ________, recognize that punishment occurs only if someone witnesses the wrongdoing and that even then, punishment is not inevitable.

According to Freud, the moral element of personality is called the