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Exam 13: How Populations Evolve

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Question 21

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Which of the following statements regarding natural selection is false?

A) Natural selection can be observed working in organisms alive today.
B) Natural selection and evolutionary change can occur in a short period of time (a few generations) .
C) Natural selection starts with the creation of new alleles that are directed toward improving an organism's fitness.
D) Natural selection depends on the local environment at the current time.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Question 22

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Aristotle believed that

A) species are fixed (permanent) and perfect.
B) species evolve through natural selection and other mechanisms.
C) the best evidence for change within species is seen in fossils.
D) an individual's use of a body part causes it to further evolve.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Question 23

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The recessive allele of a gene causes cystic fibrosis.For this gene among Caucasians,p = 0.98.If a Caucasian population is in Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium with respect to this gene,what proportion of babies is born homozygous recessive,and therefore suffers cystic fibrosis?

The core theme of biology,which explains both the unity and diversity of life,is

Blue- footed boobies have webbed feet and are comically clumsy when they walk on land.Evolutionary scientists view these feet as

Microevolution,or evolution at its smallest scale,occurs when

Broccoli,cabbages,and brussels sprouts all descend from the same wild mustard and can still interbreed.These varieties were produced by

Which sentence best describes the true nature of natural selection?

A woman struggling with a bacterial illness is prescribed a month's supply of a potent antibiotic.She takes the antibiotic for about two weeks and feels much better.Should she save the remaining two- week supply,or should she continue taking the drug?

A rabbit population consists of animals that are either very dark on top or very light on top.The color pattern is not related to sex.No rabbit shows intermediate coloration (medium darkness) .This pattern might result from

A dog breeder wishes to develop a breed that does not bark.She starts with a diverse mixture of dogs.Generation after generation,she allows only the quietest dogs to breed.After 30 years of work she has a new breed of dog with interesting traits,but on average,the dogs still bark at about the same rate as other dog breeds.Which of the following would be a logical explanation for her failure?

What evidence is used to determine the branching sequence of an evolutionary tree?

Which of the following would prevent an organism from becoming part of the fossil record when it dies?

A population is

Imagine that you are studying a very large population of moths that is isolated from gene flow.A single gene controls wing color.Half of the moths have white- spotted wings (genotype WW or Ww) and half of the moths have plain brown wings (ww) .There are no new mutations,individuals mate randomly,and there is no natural selection on wing color.How will p,the frequency of the dominant allele,change over time?

After a copper smelter begins operation,local downwind populations of plants begin to adapt to the resulting air pollution.Scientists document,for example,that the acid tolerance of several plant species has increased significantly in the polluted area.This is an example of

Who developed a theory of evolution almost identical to Darwin's?

Thirty people are selected for a long- term mission to colonize a planet many light years away from Earth.The mission is successful and the population rapidly grows to several hundred individuals.However,certain genetic diseases are unusually common in this group,and their gene pool is quite different from that of the Earth population they have left behind.Which of the following phenomena has left its mark on this population?

Which of the following will tend to produce adaptive changes in populations?

Humans share several features with salamanders.Certain genes and proteins are nearly identical between the two species; both species have four limbs with a similar skeletal structure; the species' early embryos are very similar; and where the salamander has a functional tail,humans have a vestigial tailbone.In evolutionary terms,these are examples of