Question 1

The arboreal hypothesis proposes that defining primate characteristics were adaptations to life in the trees, such as:

Accepted Answer

A)   grasping hands and feet, developed vision, and greater intelligence.
B)   grasping hands, tails, and intelligence.
C)   developed vision, greater sense of smell, and tails.
D)   developed vision, greater sense of smell, and grasping hands and feet.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C) A

Question 2

Apes first appear in Europe and Asia from about:

Accepted Answer

A)   17 mya.
B)   6 mya.
C)   10 mya.
D)   12 mya.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

Basal anthropoids are:

Accepted Answer

A)   Paleocene primates that may have been the first anthropoids.
B)   Paleocene organisms that may have been the first primates.
C)   Eocene organisms that may have been the first primates.
D)   Eocene primates that are the earliest anthropoids.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 4

Sivapithecus is widely recognized as an ancestral member of which ape lineage?

Accepted Answer

A)   gorilla
B)   orangutan
C)   chimpanzee
D)   gibbonE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

Which Eocene organisms had clear primate characteristics like a postorbital bar, opposable thumbs, nails, and a large brain?

Accepted Answer

A)   proprimates and euprimates
B)   adapids and omomyids
C)   basal anthropoids
D)   plesiadapiformsE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Discuss the selective pressures operating in the late Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene that favored an adaptive radiation of monkeys and contributed to decreased diversity among apes.

Accepted Answer

The migration of primates from Africa to...

Question 7

Like that of Dryopithecus, a modern gorilla mandible has:

Accepted Answer

A)   sharp high crests on the teeth.
B)   large canines and no diastema.
C)   a Y-5 molar pattern and Sinodonty.
D)   a Y-5 molar pattern, low rounded cusps, large canines, and a diastema.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Paleocene organisms that may have been the first primates were:

Accepted Answer

A)   adapids.
B)   proconsulids.
C)   dryopithecids.
D)   plesiadapiforms.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 9

During the Miocene epoch of the Cenozoic era, there was an adaptive radiation of which kind of primate?

Accepted Answer

A)   prosimians
B)   monkeys
C)   apes
D)   humansE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

The northern African fossil primate called Biretia may be an early anthropoid, based on the morphology of its:

Accepted Answer

A)   ankle.
B)   skull.
C)   lower premolar tooth.
D)   pelvis.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

If you are examining the fossil remains of the genus Dryopithecus, they are most likely from where?

Accepted Answer

A)   India
B)   Bolivia
C)   France
D)   ChinaE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Monkeys underwent massive__________in the Pliocene and Pleistocene.

Accepted Answer

A)   extinction
B)   adaptive radiation
C)   migration
D)   diversificationE) C) and D)
F) B) and D) B

Question 13

A species that is adapted to a wide range of environments, climates, and diets is:

Accepted Answer

A)   biologically sound.
B)   likely facing extinction.
C)   biologically diverse.
D)   is protected from extinction.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Two genera of propliopithecids include:

Accepted Answer

A)   Aegyptopithecus and Micropithecus.
B)   Propliopithecus and Aegyptopithecus.
C)   Micropithecus and Aegyptopithecus.
D)   Propliopithecus and Proconsul.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C) B

Question 15

The space between the canine and the first premolar in the lower jaw of some primates is a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   retrocanine space.
B)   alveolus.
C)   mandibular gap.
D)   diastema.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

The shift from the Miocene, which had greater diversity of ape species and fewer monkey species, to a living assemblage with greater diversity of monkey species and fewer ape species may be the result of:

Accepted Answer

A)   global climate changes that resulted in cooler, wetter environments less optimal for ape species.
B)   differences in ability to exploit the habitats that resulted after a change in global climate.
C)   cooler climates, where it is more difficult to preserve larger ape fossils.
D)   declines in ape diversity, caused by competition from hominin species.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 17

The evolution of apes began in Africa and continued into:

Accepted Answer

A)   Europe and Asia.
B)   Asia and South America.
C)   Europe and South America.
D)   Greece and South America.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Why is the Fayum depression in Egypt such an important site for understanding the origin and diversification of anthropoid primates?

Accepted Answer

The Fayum deposits span a period of near...

Question 19

The most likely contender for the common ancestor of all later catarrhines is:

Accepted Answer

A)   Oligopithecus.
B)   Aegyptopithecus.
C)   Parapithecus.
D)   Apidium.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Name and briefly describe the three hypotheses of primate origins.

Accepted Answer

Many ideas have been proposed to explain...

Exam 9: Primate Origins and Evolution: the First 50 Million Years

The arboreal hypothesis proposes that defining primate characteristics were adaptations to life in the trees, such as:

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Apes first appear in Europe and Asia from about:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Basal anthropoids are:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sivapithecus is widely recognized as an ancestral member of which ape lineage?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which Eocene organisms had clear primate characteristics like a postorbital bar, opposable thumbs, nails, and a large brain?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss the selective pressures operating in the late Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene that favored an adaptive radiation of monkeys and contributed to decreased diversity among apes.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe migration of primates from Africa to...View AnswerShow Answer

Like that of Dryopithecus, a modern gorilla mandible has:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Paleocene organisms that may have been the first primates were:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During the Miocene epoch of the Cenozoic era, there was an adaptive radiation of which kind of primate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The northern African fossil primate called Biretia may be an early anthropoid, based on the morphology of its:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you are examining the fossil remains of the genus Dryopithecus, they are most likely from where?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Monkeys underwent massive__________in the Pliocene and Pleistocene.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

A species that is adapted to a wide range of environments, climates, and diets is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two genera of propliopithecids include:

Correct AnswerverifiedB

The space between the canine and the first premolar in the lower jaw of some primates is a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The shift from the Miocene, which had greater diversity of ape species and fewer monkey species, to a living assemblage with greater diversity of monkey species and fewer ape species may be the result of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The evolution of apes began in Africa and continued into:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is the Fayum depression in Egypt such an important site for understanding the origin and diversification of anthropoid primates?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe Fayum deposits span a period of near...View AnswerShow Answer

The most likely contender for the common ancestor of all later catarrhines is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Name and briefly describe the three hypotheses of primate origins.

Correct AnswerverifiedMany ideas have been proposed to explain...View AnswerShow Answer

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The migration of primates from Africa to...
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B

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B

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The Fayum deposits span a period of near...
View Answer

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Many ideas have been proposed to explain...
View Answer